Comparison of the epidemiology, drug resistance mechanisms, and virulence of and

Sullivan, Derek J.; Moran, Gary P.; Pinjon, Emmanuelle; Al-Mosaid, Asmaa; Stokes, Cheryl; Vaughan, Claire; Coleman, David C.

doi:10.1016/s1567-1356(03)00240-x

Cited by 204 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…If karyotypic variation leads to phenotypic diversity, then one might expect C. dubliniensis to be better at colonizing diverse niches than C. albicans, but there is no evidence of this. In fact, the converse seems to be true; C. dubliniensis seems to be most common in the mouth and only rarely to cause disseminated disease (Sullivan, Moran et al 2004). This raises the question of whether a genome rearranged by translocations at the MRS actually provides variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive chromosome rearrangements distinguish the karyotype of the hypovirulent species Candida dubliniensis from the virulent Candida albicans

Magee

Sánchez

Saunders

et al. 2008

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, have most of the same genes and high sequence similarity, but C. dubliniensis is less virulent. C. albicans causes both mucosal and hematogenously disseminated disease, C. dubliniensis mostly mucosal infections. Pulse-field electrophoresis, genomic restriction enzyme digests, Southern blotting, and the emerging sequence from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute were used to determine the karyotype of C. dubliniensis type strain CD36. Three chromosomes have two intact homologues. A translocation in the rDNA repeat on chromosome R exchanges telomere-proximal regions of R and chromosome 5. Translocations involving the remaining chromosomes occur at the Major Repeat Sequence. CD36 lacks an MRS on chromosome R but has one on 3. Of six other C. dubliniensis strains, no two had the same electrophoretic karyotype. Despite extensive chromosome rearrangements, karyotypic differences between C. dubliniensis and C. albicans are unlikely to affect gene expression. Karyotypic instability may account for the diminished pathogenicity of C. dubliniensis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive chromosome rearrangements distinguish the karyotype of the hypovirulent species Candida dubliniensis from the virulent Candida albicans

Magee

Sánchez

Saunders

et al. 2008

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…Actually, there are between 150 and 200 species recognized in the genus, but only seven Candida species are classified as having major medical importance, being C. albicans the most important one. Other Candida species like C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. stellatoidea, C. krusei and C. kyfer are encountered in human infections [2,5,15,38,39].…”

Section: Dubliniensis C Parapsilosis C Orthopsilosis C Metapsilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYCandidiasis is the most common opportunistic yeast infection. Candida species and other microorganisms are involved in this complicated fungal infection, but Candida albicans continues to be the most prevalent. In the past two decades, it has been observed an abnormal overgrowth in the gastrointestinal, urinary and respiratory tracts, not only in immunocompromised patients, but also related to nosocomial infections and even in healthy individuals. There is a widely variety of causal factors that contribute to yeast infection which means that candidiasis is a good example of a multifactorial syndrome. Due to rapid increase in the incidence of these infections, this is the subject of numerous studies. Recently, the focus of attention is the treatment and, above all, the prevention of those complications. The diagnosis of candidiasis could become quite complicated. Prevention is the most effective "treatment", much more than eradication of the yeast with antifungal agents. There are several aspects to consider in the daily routine that can provide a strength protection. However, a therapeutic approach is necessary when the infection is established and, therefore, other alternatives should be explored. This review provides an overview on predisposition factors, prevention and diagnosis of candidiasis, highlighting alternative approaches for candidiasis treatment.

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“…In 1995, Candida dubliniensis, predominantly associated with cases of oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, was described (10). While C. dubliniensis is phylogenetically closely related to C. albicans and shares the ability to produce germ tubes, true hyphae, and chlamydospores, epidemiological analyses have revealed that C. dubliniensis is far less prevalent than C. albicans (11)(12)(13)(14), is comparatively rarely associated with systemic infection (11,14), and is less pathogenic than C. albicans in a variety of infection models (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: T He Incidence Of Invasive Fungal Infections Caused By Unusualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Pathogenicity of Candida africana Isolates from the United Kingdom

Borman¹,

Székely²,

Linton³

et al. 2013

J Clin Microbiol

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Candida africana was previously proposed as a new species within the Candida albicans species complex, together with C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, although further phylogenetic analyses better support its status as an unusual variant within C. albicans. Here we show that C. africana can be distinguished from C. albicans and C. dubliniensis by pyrosequencing of a short region of ITS2, and we have evaluated its occurrence in clinical samples by pyrosequencing all presumptive isolates of C. albicans submitted to the Mycology Reference Laboratory over a 9-month period. The C. albicans complex constituted 826/1,839 (44.9%) of yeast isolates received over the study period and included 783 isolates of C. albicans, 28 isolates of C. dubliniensis, and 15 isolates of C. africana. In agreement with previous reports, C. africana was isolated exclusively from genital specimens, in women in the 18-to-35-year age group. Indeed, C. africana constituted 15/251 (6%) of "C. albicans" isolates from female genital specimens during the study period. C. africana isolates were germ tube positive, grew significantly more slowly than C. albicans and C. dubliniensis on conventional mycological media, could be distinguished from the other members of the C. albicans complex by appearance on chromogenic agar, and were incapable of forming chlamydospores. Here we present the detailed evaluation of epidemiological, phenotypic, and clinical features and antifungal susceptibility profiles of United Kingdom isolates of C. africana. Furthermore, we demonstrate that C. africana is significantly less pathogenic than C. albicans and C. dubliniensis in the Galleria mellonella insect systemic infection model.

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Comparison of the epidemiology, drug resistance mechanisms, and virulence of and

Cited by 204 publications

References 62 publications

Extensive chromosome rearrangements distinguish the karyotype of the hypovirulent species Candida dubliniensis from the virulent Candida albicans

Extensive chromosome rearrangements distinguish the karyotype of the hypovirulent species Candida dubliniensis from the virulent Candida albicans

Candidiasis: Predisposing Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis and Alternative Treatment

Epidemiology, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Pathogenicity of Candida africana Isolates from the United Kingdom

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