Comparison of the Efficiency of Nitrate and Nitrogen Fixation in Crop Yield

Rigaud, J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-8267-3_2

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, it has also been noted with several species, including white clover (Trifolium repens L.), * FAX No: +44 1 970 828357 that low concentrations of NO 3 (< 2 mol m -a) or low relative addition rates of NO;, can stimulate fixation, particularly during early growth stages (e.g. Allos and Bartholomew, 1959;Ingestad, 1980;Macduff et al, 1989;Rigaud, 1981). In some cases this may arise from a direct effect of NO~-on nodule activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of N2 fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens L.) at low concentrations of NO inf3 sup? in flowing solution culture

Macduff

Jarvis²,

Davidson

1996

Plant Soil

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The impact of sustained low external concentrations of NO; (0,10,100 and 1000 mmol m -3) on plant growth and the relative acquisition of N through N2 fixation and NO 3 uptake by established, nodulated white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca) was studied over 28 days in flowing solution culture. Nitrogen fixation was measured by N difference and lSN dilution methods. Plants supplied with NO~-achieved higher relative growth rates (~ = 0.091 d -1) compared with 'control' plants dependent on N2 fixation (0.073 d-l). Nitrate plants showed progressive increases in shoot : root d.w. ratios from 4 to 6.5-7.6 between days 0--28, compared with 5.1 on day 28 for control plants. Increases in both nodule d.w. and numbers per plant were inhibited after day seven at all concentrations of NO 3. The severity of inhibition of N2 fixation increased with increasing NO 3 concentration and with time. The total amounts of N2 fixed per plant between days 0-7 after supplying 10,100 and 1000 mmol m -3 NO 3, respectively, were 37-39, 28-30 and 0-13%, of the total N acquired. Between days 7-28 the proportional contributions of N2 fixation to total N acquisition declined to 3, 0. 5 and 0%, respectively, in these treatments. The corresponding mean specific rates of N2 fixation between days 0-7 were, respectively, 5.4, 3.2, and 2.0 mmol N d-l g-l nodule d.w., compared with 7.9 mmol N d -1 g-i nodule d.w. for zero NO 3 plants. There was no evidence of a transitory increase in N2 fixation following the addition of NO 3, even at the lowest supply concentration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of N2 fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens L.) at low concentrations of NO inf3 sup? in flowing solution culture

Macduff

Jarvis²,

Davidson

1996

Plant Soil

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“…Plants were grown in a concentration of nitrate (5 mM KNO, and 5 mM Ca(N0,)2.4H,0) that should diminish or completely suppress nitrogenase activity (Munns 1977;Rigaud 1981;Gibson and Jordan 1983). Furthermore, enhanced nitrogen nutrition should favor shoot development over that of the root system, but shoot weight was unaffected by inoculation whereas root weight increased by an average of 26%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivar-specific growth promotion of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by coexistent Bacillus species

Chanway¹,

Nelson²,

Holl³

1988

Can. J. Microbiol.

106

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of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by coexistent Bacillus species. Can. J . Microbiol. 34: 925-929.Seven bacterial strains belonging to the genus Bacillus were isolated from rhizosphere soil of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Katepwa. The plants from which the microorganisms were isolated were collected from a field that had been continuously cropped with spring wheat for the past 27 years. Cultivar Katepwa had been grown for the last 5 years whereas the closely related cv. Neepawa had been cultivated for the 12 previous years. When tested as single strain inoculum in a sterilized sand and Turface (montmorillonite clay) mix. six of seven isolates promoted root growth of cv. Katepwa spring wheat (p < 0.05), but none promoted that of cv. Necpawa or of the more distant genetic relative cv. HY320. Shoot height was also increased in CV. Katepwa @ < 0. I), but shoot weight of all three cultivars was unaffected by inoculation.Consequently, the roor to shoot weight ratio of cv. Katepwa was also greater because of bacterization. These results indicate that beneficial bacteria may be isolated by employing a natural plant cultivar enrichment technique. CHANWAY, C. P., NELSON, L. M., et HOLL, F. B. 1988. Cultivar-specific growth promotion of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by coexistent Bacillus species. Can. J . Microbiol. 34 : 925-929. Sept souches bactkriennes appartenant au genre Bacillus ont ete isolees du sol de la rhizosphere de plants de ble de mars (Tr~trcum aestivum L.) cv. Katepwa. Ces bacteries sont ete isolees a partir de plants recoltes dans un champ qui avait Cte reserve exclusivement a la culture du ble de mars depuis les 27 dernieres annees. Le cv. Katepwa y avait ete cultive pendant les derniers 5 ans alors que le cultivar trks apparente Neepawa y avait ete cultive pendant les 12 annees precedentes. Chacune des souches isolees a Cte inoculee separiment dans un mklange sterilisC de sable et Turface (argile de montmorillonite).La croissance des racines du cv. Katepwa a ete favoriske par six des sept souches de Bacillus ( p < 0.05), mais aucune souche n'a favorise la croissance chez le cv. Neepawa ou le cv. HY320 dont la parente genktique est plus lointaine. La hauteur des tiges est aussi favorisee cher le cv. Kaiepwa @ < 0. I), mais l'inoculation n'a pas fait varier le poids des tiges chez aucun des lrois cultivars. En consequence le rapport de poids racine : tige du cv. Katepwa etait encore plus grand a cause de la colonisation bactirienne. Ccs resultats nlontrent hien que des bacteries utiles peuvent Etre isolees en employant une technique naturelle d'enrichissement du cultivar d'une plante.[Traduit par la revue]

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“…The mechanism by which NO," inhibits nodule function, and nitrogenase activity in particular, is not well understood, but several hypotheses have been proposed. NO, inhibits nitrogenase function in vitro and also affects leghemoglobin function (Rigaud 1981). NO," accumulates in the nodules of some legumes but its accumulation is correlated with bacteroid NR activity (Manhart andWong 1980, Streeter 1982) and inhibition of nitrogenase occurs in plants nodulated by rhizobia lacking NR activity (Gibson andPagan 1977.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrate on nitrogen fixation and nodule carbohydrate and organic acid concentrations in pea mutants deficient in nitrate reductase

Nelson¹,

Edie²

1988

Physiologia Plantarum

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Nitrate inhibits symbiotic N2 fixation and a number of hypotheses concerned with NO3− assimilation have been suggested to explain this inhibition. These hypotheses were tested using a pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Juneau) with normal nitrate reductase NR; (EC 1,6,6,4) activity and two mutants of cv. Juneau, A317 and A334, with impaired NR activity. The plants were inoculated with three strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum and grown for 3 weeks in N‐free medium, followed by 1 week in medium supplemented with 0, 5 or 10 mM KNO3 before harvesting. NO3 was taken up at comparable rates by the parent and the mutants and accumulated in leaf and stem tissue of the latter. Acetylene reduction rates were inhibited similarly in both the parent and mutants in the presence of KNO3 but there were differences among rhizobial strains. Starch concentration of the nodules decreased by 46% in the presence of KNO3 and there were differences among rhizobial strains but not among pea genotypes. Malate and succinate accumulated in nodules in the presence of KNO3. These data are not consistent with the photosynthate deprivation hypothesis as a primary mechanism for NO3 inhibition of N2 fixation since NO3 affected the nodule carbohydrate composition of all three pea genotypes in a similar manner. The lack of correlation between NR activity and NO3 inhibition of N2 fixation suggests that NO3 assimilation may be only indirectly involved in the inhibition phenomenon.

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Comparison of the Efficiency of Nitrate and Nitrogen Fixation in Crop Yield

Cited by 23 publications

References 56 publications

Inhibition of N2 fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens L.) at low concentrations of NO inf3 sup? in flowing solution culture

Inhibition of N2 fixation by white clover (Trifolium repens L.) at low concentrations of NO inf3 sup? in flowing solution culture

Cultivar-specific growth promotion of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by coexistent Bacillus species

Effect of nitrate on nitrogen fixation and nodule carbohydrate and organic acid concentrations in pea mutants deficient in nitrate reductase

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