Comparison of the efficacy of Neethling lumpy skin disease virus and x10RM65 sheep-pox live attenuated vaccines for the prevention of lumpy skin disease – The results of a randomized controlled field study

Ben-Gera, J.; Klement, Eyal; Khinich, Evgeny; Stram, Yehuda; Shpigel, Nahum Y.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.071

Cited by 103 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…The two values of vaccination effectiveness are the estimate and lower 95% confidence limit, respectively, for the effectiveness of Neethling LSD vaccine estimated by Ben-Gera et al (2015). The value of vaccination effectiveness as estimated from the data obtained from the regional unit of Serres in Greece is close to the upper limit used in the simulations (80%, see Section 3.3).…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…The methodologies included a mathematical model similar to the one used in the previous opinion by EFSA (EFSA AHAW Panel, 2015) for simulating LSDV spread according to different control measures applied and an estimation of the effectiveness of vaccination at the farm level using survival analysis in order to confirm the suitability of transmission parameters derived from published data from Israel (Ben-Gera et al, 2015) as used in the model.…”

Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The randomised field study, conducted on 5,000 cows in 15 dairy herds in Israel, compared an LSDV attenuated Neethling strain vaccine and a sheep pox attenuated RM-65 vaccine administered at 10 times the dose administered to sheep, both administered at 10 3.5 TCID (Ben-Gera et al, 2015). The Neethling vaccine was 4.3 times more effective in preventing laboratory-diagnosed LSD than the 10x M-65 vaccine, and 11.2 times more effective in preventing severe LSD cases.…”

Section: Immune Response and Vaccines Against Lsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urgent advice on lumpy skin disease

2016

EFS2

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In order to assess the effects on disease spread and persistence of partial stamping out of only clinically affected animals in holdings where the presence of lumpy skin disease has been confirmed, against total stamping-out policy of infected herds coupled with vaccination, a mathematical model for the transmission of LSDV between farms was developed and different scenarios explored. According to the model, vaccination has a greater impact in reducing LSDV spread than any culling policy, even when low vaccination effectiveness is considered. When vaccination is evenly applied so that 95% of the farms are vaccinated with 75% of vaccinated animals effectively protected, then total stamping out and partial stamping out result in a similar probability of eradicating the infection. When no vaccination is applied or when vaccination has a lower effectiveness (e.g. 40%), the probability of eradication is higher when total stamping out is performed as compared to partial stamping out. In general, partial stamping out results in limited increase of the number of farms affected as compared to total stamping out. Independently of the culling interventions applied in the model, vaccination was most effective in reducing LSDV spread if protection had already been developed at the time of virus entry, followed by protection of herds after virus entry. No vaccination is the least effective option in reducing LSDV spread. In order to reach the above described effects, it is necessary to implement vaccination of the entire susceptible population in regions at risk for LSDV introduction or affected by LSDV in order to minimise the number of outbreaks, and high animal-and farm-level vaccination coverage should be achieved. Farmers and veterinarians should be trained in the clinical identification of LSD in order to reduce underreporting, and the effectiveness of partial stamping out should be evaluated under field conditions.

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Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune Response and Vaccines Against Lsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urgent advice on lumpy skin disease

2016

EFS2

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“…In particular, there are no sequence data available from either Lebanon or Jordan and the clustering of PPRV outbreaks in the northern region bordering Lebanon could suggest some potential incursions from this direction. The historical introduction of PPRV into Israel into the Tiberias district bordering Lebanon [53] as well as the recent reports of the likely transmission of Lumpy Skin disease from Lebanon into Israel [54, 55] is substantial evidence that there is a potential route of animal migration in this region. As has been previously discussed multiple independent clades of a virus within a country is potentially indicative of multiple incursions or indeed possibly viral evolutionarily holdups or bottlenecks [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Lineage IV Peste-des-petits ruminants virus within Israel since 1993: An evolutionary perspective

Clarke

Mahapatra

Friedgut³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Peste-des-petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the most important infectious diseases of domesticated small ruminants. From the initial identification in 1942 in West Africa, PPR virus (PPRV) has spread throughout much of the developing world. PPRV is now considered endemic throughout Africa, with the notable exception of South Africa, the Middle-East and Israel, as well as South-, East-, and Central Asia. Despite this widespread dispersal, the evolution and transmission of PPRV in endemic populations is not well understood. This understanding will be critical in the planning of rational measures to eradicate PPRV by the planned time as defined by the FAO and OIE. To further advance the understanding of the evolution of PPRV the full genome sequence of 18 viruses isolated from Israel from consecutive years between 1997–2014 were generated. This data set is unique and crucial for the understanding of the evolution of PPRV, as it represents the first set of full-length sequence data available from consecutive years from a single geographic location. Analysis of these full genome sequences shows 96.2–99.9% nucleotide conservation across the Israel isolates and further demonstrates the strong purifying selection pressures on PPRV within Israel and globally. Four amino acid substitutions indicative of putative positive selection were additionally identified within the Israel isolates. The mean substitution rate per site per year was estimated to be 9.22 x 10−4 (95% HPD 6.206 x 10−4–1.26 x 10−3). Using Bayesian and phylogenetic analyses we further demonstrate that the PPRV isolates from Israel belongs to linage IV and form a single strong regional cluster within all other lineage IV viruses circulating worldwide implying a single incursion into Israel.

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“…Transmission via subclinically infected animals could potentially occur either by ticks or by contact with intact skin. only stamping out cases with generalised skin lesions), which was performed under the assumption that the high levels of virus present in the skin lesions are the most likely source of virus transmission (EFSA AHAW Panel, 2015), concurrently with the use of an RM-65 sheep-pox attenuated vaccine which was later shown to have very low effectiveness for preventing LSD (Ben-Gera et al, 2015). Virus isolation from blood is intermittent, short term and around five orders of magnitude lower compared with skin lesions (Tuppurainen et al, 2005;Babiuk et al, 2008).…”

Section: Importance Of Subclinical Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpy skin disease: scientific and technical assistance on control and surveillance activities

Calistri¹,

DeClercq²,

Vleeschauwer³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The duration of the vaccination campaign sufficient to eliminate lumpy skin disease (LSD) mainly depends on the vaccination effectiveness and coverage achieved. By using a spread epidemiological model, assuming a vaccination effectiveness of 65%, with 50% and 90% coverage, 4 and 3 years campaigns, respectively, are needed to eliminate LSD. When vaccination effectiveness is 80% to 95%, 2 years of vaccination at coverage of 90% is sufficient to eliminate LSD virus (LSDV). For shorter campaigns, LSD is predicted to persist. When the infection is eliminated by vaccination, two pathways for disease recurrence are possible, (i) by new introduction from a neighbouring affected area, especially by introduction of infected animals, or, less likely (ii) the infection persisting either in the environment, in vectors or in wild animals. For planning surveillance, several elements should be considered: the objectives and related design prevalence, the epidemiological situation, the immunological status of the host population, the geographical area and the season, the type of surveillance (active or passive), the diagnostic methods including clinical detection (considered the most effective method for early detection of LSD), the target population, the sample size and frequency. According to the model, for early detecting new introductions of LSD, it may be needed to clinically check a large number of herds (e.g. 2–3,000 herds) monthly. Lower sample sizes can be considered, when a greater delay in detecting the virus is acceptable. Where vaccination is maintained, active surveillance for verifying the effectiveness of vaccination would be needed. Demonstrating disease absence can rely on serological surveillance, which should consider the test sensitivity, the design prevalence (estimated value: 3.5%), the onset and duration of serum antibodies. Important knowledge gaps on LSD are about within‐herd transmission, duration of protective immunity, role of vectors, diagnostic tests, farm location and type in the at‐risk countries and the epidemiological status of neighbouring countries.

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Comparison of the efficacy of Neethling lumpy skin disease virus and x10RM65 sheep-pox live attenuated vaccines for the prevention of lumpy skin disease – The results of a randomized controlled field study

Cited by 103 publications

References 20 publications

Urgent advice on lumpy skin disease

Urgent advice on lumpy skin disease

Persistence of Lineage IV Peste-des-petits ruminants virus within Israel since 1993: An evolutionary perspective

Lumpy skin disease: scientific and technical assistance on control and surveillance activities

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