Comparison of the Efficacy of Covered versus Uncovered Metallic Stents in Treating Inoperable Malignant Common Bile Duct Obstruction: A Randomized Trial

A Case Series: Outcomes of Endoscopic Biliary Self-Expandable Metal Stent for Malignant Biliary Obstruction with Surgically Altered Anatomy

“…The specific advantages and disadvantages of each type of stent remain unclear [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, previous studies have concluded that the time to RBO is longer for CSEMS than UCSEMS [13,[18][19][20].…”

Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Stent Implantation for Obstructive Jaundice of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Prospective Study on Predictors of Stent Patency and Survival in 92 Patients

“…However, one retrospective study found that the cumulative patency of a metal stent for pCCA significantly decreased as the tumor stage increased (11). The safety and efficacy of partially covered metal stents have been confirmed for malignant hilar obstruction (12), but covered stents have high rates of stent occlusion from bile sludge formation and stent migration within 3 months of stent placement (13).…”

Partially covered versus uncovered self-expandable nitinol stents with anti-migration properties for the palliation of malignant distal biliary obstruction: A randomized controlled trial

“…SEMSs are considered superior to plastic stents with large bores in terms of stent patency [3][4][5][6], but it remains challenging to determine which type of SEMS is optimal for the palliation of distal biliary obstruction due to stent-related adverse events that cause recurrent biliary obstruction [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…Fully or partially covered SEMSs were designed to overcome the tumor ingrowth occurring with uncovered SEMSs, but in retrospective cohort studies [13,17,18], randomized trials [8][9][10][11][12]15,16,19], and two meta-analyses [7,14], the clinical outcomes of covered SEMSs for stent patency were inconsistent due to the different proportions of stent migration, tumor ingrowth, tumor overgrowth, and bile encrustation in each of these studies. In addition, there have also been conflicting conclusions regarding the incidence of pancreatitis and cholecystitis after placement of various types of covered versus uncovered SEMSs [8][9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…In addition, there have also been conflicting conclusions regarding the incidence of pancreatitis and cholecystitis after placement of various types of covered versus uncovered SEMSs [8][9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”