Comparison of the effects on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance of 6-mo high-monounsaturated-fat, low-fat, and control diets

Abstract

A diet high in monounsaturated fat has a more favorable effect on glucose homeostasis than does the typical Western diet in the short term and may also be more beneficial than the official recommended low-fat diet during a period of weight regain subsequent to weight loss.

Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes

“…The protective effect of linoleic acid against glycaemia has been consistently reported in previous studies [15]. Our results are in agreement with a limited number of intervention studies suggesting that beneficial changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were observed when saturated fats are replaced by unsaturated fats in the diet [29][30][31]. As far as we know, our study is the first to demonstrate that estimated elongase activity predicts a decrease in the glucose AUC and better insulin sensitivity and secretion for all three fractions, consistent with our EMFA results [25] and offering possible mechanisms for improving glycaemia.…”

How Pistachios May Favorably Influence an Individual's Metabolic Profile and Risk for Chronic Diseases Associated with Inflammation

“…Another study conducted by Berry and colleagues showed that a high monounsaturated fat diet can have more favorable effects on TC and LDL, than a low fat diet (10). In addition, in a more recent 6-month study conducted by Due and colleagues, the study showed that a diet high in monounsaturated fats (35-45% of total energy from fat per day, of which >20 % monounsaturated fats) was found to be more beneficial than the recommended low fat diet (20 to 30% of energy) on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance (28).…”

“…Diet modifications that include incorporating more monounsaturated fats and reducing saturated fats decrease the incidence of heart disease by improving lipid and insulin profiles (10,28). A randomized cross over trial conducted by Garg and colleagues revealed that a high monounsaturated fat diet versus a lower fat high carbohydrate diet resulted in lower FPG levels, reduced insulin requirements, lower levels of plasma TG and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and higher levels of HDL in patients with DM.…”

Macronutrients and type 1 diabetes (revision number 6)

“…Four randomised controlled trials were identified that presented evidence on diets differing in the proportion of carbohydrate to fat or protein in relation to blood glucose response two hours after an oral glucose tolerance test (Swinburn et al, 2001;Lasker et al, 2008;Due et al, 2008a). No further trials were identified in the update search (Cardio-metabolic review, diabetes chapter p185) (Racette et al, 1995;Golay et al, 1996;Golay et al, 2000;Swinburn et al, 2001;Helge, 2002;Colette et al, 2003;Landry et al, 2003;Lovejoy et al, 2003;Wolever & Mehling, 2003;Clifton et al, 2004;Segal-Isaacson et al, 2004;Dansinger et al, 2005;Lofgren et al, 2005;Raatz et al, 2005;Petersen et al, 2006;Howard et al, 2006b;Ebbeling et al, 2007;Gardner et al, 2007;Maki et al, 2007b;Phillips et al, 2008;Due et al, 2008a;Frisch et al, 2009;Grau et al, 2009;Kirk et al, 2009;Morgan et al, 2009;Sacks et al, 2009). Five trials were subsequently identified in the update search (Goree et al, 2011;Haufe et al, 2011;Shikany et al, 2011;Tierney et al, 2011;Brooking et al, 2012 Nearly all trials employ energy restricted weight loss diets that vary both carbohydrate (between 5% and 65% energy) and fat (between 18% and 40% energy) between groups.…”

“…Five randomised controlled trials were identified that presented evidence on diets differing in the proportion of carbohydrate to fat on the insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance (Swinburn et al, 2001;Foster et al, 2003;Raatz et al, 2005;Due et al, 2008a;Frisch et al, 2009). No further trials were identified in the update search (Cardio-metabolic review, diabetes chapter p 210).…”