Comparison of the effects of symmetric and asymmetric temperature elevation and CO₂ enrichment on yield and evapotranspiration of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Under the changing climate, asymmetric warming pattern would be more likely during day and night time, instead of symmetric one. Concurrently, the growth responses and water use of plants may be different compared with those estimated based on symmetric warming. In this work, it was compared with the effects of symmetric (ETs) and asymmetric (ETa) elevation of temperature alone, and in interaction with elevated carbon dioxide concentration (EC), on the grain yield (GY) and evapotranspiration in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on pot experiment in the North China Plain (NCP). The experiment was carried out in six enclosed-top chambers with following climate treatments: (1) ambient temperature and ambient CO2 (CON), (2) ambient temperature and elevated CO2 (EC), (3) elevated temperature and ambient CO2 (ETs; ETa), and (4) elevated temperature and elevated CO2 (ECETs, ECETa). In symmetric warming, temperature was increased by 3°C and in asymmetric one by 3.5°C during night and 2.5°C during daytime, respectively. As a result, GY was in ETa and ETs 15.6 (P < 0.05) and 10.3% (P < 0.05) lower than that in CON. In ECETs and ECETa treatments, GY was 14.9 (P < 0.05) and 9.1% (P < 0.05) higher than that in CON. Opposite to GY, evapotranspiration was 7.8 (P < 0.05) and 17.9% (P < 0.05) higher in ETa and ETs treatments and 7.2 (P < 0.05) and 2.1% (P > 0.05) lower in ECETs and ECETa treatments compared with CON. Thus, GY of wheat could be expected to increase under the changing climate with concurrent elevation of CO2 and temperature as a result of increased WUE under the elevated CO2. However, the gain would be lower under ETa than that estimated based on ETs due to higher evapotranspiration.

Physiological and molecular attributes contribute to high night temperature tolerance in cereals

“…Increasing attention is directed to the effects of elevated night temperatures in combination with other stress treatments, as HDT (Coast et al, 2015; Fahad et al, 2016; Y. H. Fu et al, 2016; Li et al, 2011; Narayanan et al, 2016; Schoppach & Sadok, 2013; Shi et al, 2017; Wu et al, 2016; Wu et al, 2017; Yang et al, 2017; Ziska & Manalo, 1996) and elevated CO 2 (Cheng et al, 2008; Cheng et al, 2009; Cheng et al, 2010; Qiao et al, 2014; Volder, Gifford, & Evans, 2015).…”

“…While elevated temperatures often cause additional damages to plants, elevated CO 2 concentrations are mostly beneficial in terms of yield increase. In wheat, elevated CO 2 concentrations compensated the detrimental effects of asymmetric temperature changes and resulted in 9.1% higher grain yield versus 15.6% lower yield without CO 2 (Qiao et al, 2014). On the contrary, HNT reduced the stimulatory effects of elevated CO 2 on rice production (Cheng et al, 2008; Cheng et al, 2009).…”

Vegetation Change and Its Response to Climate Change between 2000 and 2016 in Marshes of the Songnen Plain, Northeast China

“…Based on daily maximum temperature (T max ) and minimum temperature (T min ) data, previous studies found asymmetric warming of global surface air temperatures: Nighttime minimum temperature increased faster than the daytime maximum temperature during the past decades [37,38]. Additionally, this asymmetric warming pattern would be more likely during day and night, instead of symmetric one [37,39]. It is interesting that some studies found asymmetric (i.e., different) effects of daytime and night-time temperatures on vegetation growth in the semi-arid region of China [37,40].…”

Transpiration Dominates Ecosystem Water‐Use Efficiency in Response to Warming in an Alpine Meadow

“…Previous studies reported inconsistent warming effects on ET. Warming increased ET (Allen et al, 2003;Qiao et al, 2014) through enhancing E (Xie et al, 2016) or T (Reddy et al, 1995). However, many field experiments and modeling analyses also showed that warming reduced ET.…”