Comparison of the effects of tramadol, codeine, and ketoprofen alone or in combination on postoperative pain and on concentrations of blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy

Martins, Teresinha Luiza; Kahvegian, M; Noel-Morgan, J; Leon-Román, Marco A; Otsuki, Denise Aya; Fantoni, Denise Tabacchi

doi:10.2460/ajvr.71.9.1019

Cited by 68 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Moreover, in all groups a similar dose of medetomidine was administered and the risk of error should be comparable in all groups. Morphine can increase glucose and cortisol levels (Radosevich et al 1984), but in markedly higher doses than we used. Data concerning the effects of a medetomidine-morphine combination on glucose or cortisol levels have not yet been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beside the subjective data mentioned above, objective values were Table 1 BUP-2 18 (2-42)* 2 (0-7) 6.6 (4.4-12.6) 84.2 (27.6-460.0) *significant increase compared to pre-treatment values; † significant increase in MOR-2 compared to CAR-2; ‡ significant increase in MOR-2 compared to CAR-2 and BUP-2 used to detect the stress response of the organism -plasma glucose and serum cortisol levels. Changes in blood glucose and plasma cortisol levels were evaluated in a study (Martins et al 2010), that focused on pain recognition in small animals and yielded important information on pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in these values may provide an accurate means of determining analgesic efficacy (Martins et al 2010). In our study, blood glucose levels after periodontal treatment were significantly lower in the carprofen compared to the morphine group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early analgesia after periodontal treatment in dogs: a comparison of three analgesic protocols

Raušer¹,

Janalík²,

Marková³

et al. 2013

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The analgesic effects of carprofen, morphine and bupivacaine on early oral pain after periodontal treatment in dogs have been poorly investigated. Forty-five client-owned dogs (8.5 ± 6.4 kg and 7.8 ± 3.2 years) scheduled for periodontal treatment were allocated to carprofen, morphine and bupivacaine groups (n = 15 each). The study was designed as a prospective, randomised, double "blinded" clinical study. Carprofen (CAR, 4 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or morphine (MOR, 0.3 mg/kg, intramuscularly) was given thirty minutes before the dogs were placed under anesthesia. Bilateral maxillary and mandibular nerve blocks were performed with bupivacaine (BUP, 1 mg/kg), after the induction of anesthesia. Dogs were anaesthetised with medetomidine-propofol-isoflurane and reversal was carried out using atipamezole. Periodontal painful sub-gingival scaling was performed in all dogs. Periodontal treatment lasted for up to one hour. A modified University of Melbourne Pain Score (UMPS, 0-28 points), Visual Analog pain Scale (VAS, 0-100 mm), plasma glucose (Glu) and serum cortisol (Cor) levels were assessed before administration of analgesics (MOR-0, CAR-0, BUP-0) and two hours thereafter, that is thirty minutes after atipamezole administration (MOR-2, CAR-2, BUP-2). Analgesia rescue with tramadol (2 mg/kg intramuscularly) was provided for animals with modified UMPS over 14 or VAS over 50 points. Differences in Glu and Cor values were analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, in UMPS and VAS over time for each group with the Friedman test and pre-and postoperatively using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Analgesia rescue was provided to one patient of the CAR group and one patient of the MOR group. No differences in UMPS values between groups were detected. A significant increase in VAS values after treatment was detected in all groups. Plasma glucose levels significantly increased in MOR-2 compared to MOR-0 and CAR-2. Serum cortisol levels significantly increased in MOR-2 compared to MOR-0, CAR-2 and BUP-2. The results of this study indicate that bupivacaine nerve blocks could be superior to carprofen, which in turn could be superior to morphine, for early analgesia (up to two hours) following sub-gingival scaling for periodontal treatment in dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early analgesia after periodontal treatment in dogs: a comparison of three analgesic protocols

Raušer¹,

Janalík²,

Marková³

et al. 2013

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Previous studies have shown satisfactory agreement between pain score and plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol levels [25][26][27] . In the current study, both tramadol and morphine were effective at preventing the postoperative stress response, using serum cortisol as a guideline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of extradural tramadol and extradural morphine for postoperative analgesia in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

et al. 2012

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PURPOSE: To compare the postoperative analgesic effects of the extradural tramadol or morphine in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. METHODS: Sixteen female dogs were randomly assigned to two groups of eight animals each and received morphine (0.1mg kg-1 M group) or tramadol (2mg kg-1 T group). The pre-anesthetic medication was intravenously (iv) acepromazine (0.05mg kg-1). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (4mg kg-1iv) and maintained with isoflurane. The degree of analgesia was evaluated using a numerical rating scale that included physiologic and behavior variables. Dogs were scored at one, three, six and 12 hours after surgery by one blinded observer. Dogs were treated with morphine (0.5mg kg-1) if their scores were >6. Serum cortisol was measured before the pre-anesthetic medication was administered (basal), at the time of the ovarian pedicle clamping (T0), and at 1 (T1), 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) hours postoperative. RESULTS: The pain score did not differ between morphine and tramadol treatments. Rescue analgesia was administered to one dog in the T treatment group. Serum cortisol did not differ between treatments. CONCLUSION: The extradural administration of morphine or tramadol is a safe and effective method of inducing analgesia in female dogs undergoing ovariohyterectomy.

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“…O uso concomitante de anti-inflamatório não esteroidal (AINE) com opióides desempenha um papel significativo no tratamento da dor pós-operatória, principalmente na presença de um processo inflamatório (MATHEWS, 2002;FLECKNELL, 2008). Vários estudos demonstram que a analgesia peri-operatória, em cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia com a associação de AINE e opióides, proporciona efeitos benéficos e satisfatórios sem a ocorrência de efeitos indesejáveis (MATHEWS, 1996;PIBAROT et al, 1997;MATHEWS, 2002;SLINGSBY;WATERMAN-PEARSON, 2000;SHIH et al, 2008;MARTINS et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação clínica da analgesia pós-operatória proporcionada pelo cetoprofeno associado à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia

et al. 2015

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ResumoA analgesia multimodal refere-se à prática de associar várias classes de analgésicos ou técnicas para atuar em diferentes pontos ao longo da via da dor. Objetivou-se avaliar clinicamente a qualidade da analgesia pós-operatória promovida pelo cetoprofeno, associado ou não à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural, em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia (OSH). Quarenta cadelas hígidas, pesando 10,7±6,0kg, tranquilizadas com acepromazina (0,05mg.kg -1 .iv), induzidas com propofol (5mg. kg -1 .iv) e mantidas sob anestesia inalatória com isoflurano, foram distribuídas em quatro grupos de 10 animais cada. Em Miv e CMiv as cadelas receberam após estabilização da anestesia inalatória, 0,2mg. kg -1 de morfina pela via intravenosa, diluídos em 10ml de salina; enquanto que os animais de Mep e CMep receberam 0,1mg.kg -1 de morfina pela via epidural. O cetoprofeno foi administrado na dose 2,0mg.kg -1 .im, nos grupos CMiv e CMep, 30 minutos após a medicação pré-anestésica. Mensuraram-se as frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), e temperatura retal (T). O grau de analgesia foi avaliado pelo método cego nas primeiras seis horas após a cirurgia, através de escalas de dor descritivas e escalas compostas por parâmetros fisiológicos e comportamentais. A estatística foi realizada mediante teste de Tukey-Kramer e análise não paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%. Não houve diferença estatística entre os quatro grupos estudados, em relação à analgesia pós-operatória, FC, f, PAS e T. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o emprego do cetoprofeno, associado à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural proporcionou analgesia adequada e segura nas primeiras seis horas de analgesia pós-operatória em cadelas submetidas à OSH, sugerindo não haver potencialização analgésica quando da associação de ambos os agentes. Palavras-chave: Opióides, AINE, dor, cães AbstractMultimodal analgesia refers to the practice of combining multiple analgesic drug classes or techniques to target different points along the pain pathway. The objective of this work was to evaluate clinically if ketoprofen associated or not with intravenous or epidural morphine provided adequate postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH). Forty healthy female dogs,

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Comparison of the effects of tramadol, codeine, and ketoprofen alone or in combination on postoperative pain and on concentrations of blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy

Abstract: Opioids alone or in combination with an NSAID promoted analgesia without adverse effects during the 24-hour postoperative period in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy for removal of oral neoplasms.

Cited by 68 publications

References 57 publications

Early analgesia after periodontal treatment in dogs: a comparison of three analgesic protocols

Early analgesia after periodontal treatment in dogs: a comparison of three analgesic protocols

A comparison of extradural tramadol and extradural morphine for postoperative analgesia in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

Avaliação clínica da analgesia pós-operatória proporcionada pelo cetoprofeno associado à morfina pela via intravenosa ou epidural em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia

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