Comparison of the effects of artificial and natural defoliation on the growth of diprionid sawflies on Scots pine foliage

Lyytikäinen, Päivi

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1992.tb01096.x

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Defoliation of Larix laricina saplings by the larch sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii induced systemic responses that reduced sawfly consumption and digestion rates the following year (KRAUSE and RAFFA, 1992). Larvae of two diprionid sawfly species, Microdiprion pallipes and Gilpinia pallida, pupated later when reared on previously defoliated Scots pine (LYYTIKAINEN, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect induced resistance in Lodgepole pine: effects on two pine feeding insects

Trewhella

Leather

Day

1997

J Applied Entomology

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A series of experiments was performed in order to establish if the insect defoliators Panolis,fklmnzea (D&S) (Lept., Noctuidae) and Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) (Hym., Dripionidae) cause an induced response in lodgepole pine, Pinus contortci, and if so, what affect this response is likely to have on the two insects.Surviva1 and growth of P.framrneu was significantly affected by defoliation of seedling Skeena River lodgepole pine (KLP). On mature foliage from one forest site P. flammea larvae showed no significant difference in feeding preference between heavily defoliated trees and trees with less than 10% defoliation. On foliage from another forest site P. frurnrnea larvae preferred trees with no previous defoliation. N . sertifer larvae significantly preferred foliage from previously defoliated trees. Insect defoliation of mature trees resulted in significant changes in the terpenoid compounds in leaf and stem resins. It is possible that both P. flamrnea and N . sertifer are affected by the carbon-nutrient balance of their host. It seems that P. flarnrnea however, unlike N . sertifer, is also affected by induced defences in lodgepole pine, particularly in younger trees. These differences are probably related to the feeding strategies of the two insects: P . frammea feeds on both current and previous year foliage, while N . sertifer feeds only on previous year foliage. The outbreak dynamics of P. framrnea and N . sertifer in commercial lodgepole pine plantations are discussed in light of the results obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect induced resistance in Lodgepole pine: effects on two pine feeding insects

Trewhella

Leather

Day

1997

J Applied Entomology

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“…Our study expands on past articles for sawflies, showing significant effects of previous herbivory on the suitability of branches for P. alaskensis . In contrast to diprionid sawflies, which generally have ameliorative or neutral effects on host quality (Niemelä et al., ; Lyytikäinen, ,b, ; McMillan & Wagner, ; Raffa et al., ), defoliation by P. alaskensis rendered black spruce branches less suitable. Pikonema alaskensis mothers laid nearly twice as many eggs in undefoliated vs. defoliated branches within the same crown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies to date have focused on diprionids (Diprionidae), all of which feed on coniferous trees (mainly of the genera Pinus , Abies , and Picea ), and a significant number of which have an unusually high outbreak tendency (Larsson et al., ; Price, ). In most cases, however, induced resistance is rare for conifer‐feeding diprionids, and most studies have reported neutral (Niemelä et al., ; Lyytikäinen, ,b, ) or even ameliorative effects of previous herbivory on sawfly preference (Krause & Raffa, ; Codella & Raffa, ; Trewhella et al., ) and performance (McMillan & Wagner, ; Raffa et al., ; but see Moreau & Quiring, ). This apparent lack of induced resistance may be partially because conifers store carbon resources – the basis of defensive allelochemicals – in their foliage, such that sawfly feeding may deprive the host of resources needed to assimilate defensive chemicals (Niemelä et al., ; Tuomi et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced tree response to herbivory influences the foraging preference and performance of a conifer‐defoliating sawfly

Johns

Leggo

2014

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Herbivory often alters the growth and development of woody plants and can thereby render hosts less susceptible to subsequent herbivores. We carried out field surveys and experiments to investigate how previous herbivory influences adult egg lay, larval feeding preference, and associated survival of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), within crowns of black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton et al. (Pinaceae). Pikonema alaskensis females laid nearly twice as many eggs, and late‐instar larvae consumed nearly twice as much foliar biomass, on undefoliated vs. defoliated branches. The major factor driving the lower incidence of egg lay on defoliated branches was a significant reduction in the availability of preferred size classes of shoots. In general, adult females preferred medium‐sized shoots, whereas late instars preferred large shoots; previous defoliation generally decreased the availability of medium and large shoots. In a field bioassay, late‐instar survival generally declined with increasing defoliation, which again corresponded to significant reductions in shoot length on defoliated branches. The tendency of P. alaskensis to avoid shoots on severely defoliated branches is likely to increase the time lag between herbivory and the feedback effects of induction and could thus contribute to fluctuations in sawfly population density during outbreak. Our results differ from numerous past studies of closely related diprionid sawflies in conifers, most of which have reported weak or positive effects of previous herbivory on host susceptibility; we attribute the observed responses of spruce to the unusual sawfly feeding preference of P. alaskensis for developing conifer foliage.

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“…The experimental trees were defoliated between 28th May and 14th June 1985 by cutting mature needles from a certain proportion of branches with scissors to simulate the feeding of N. sertifer. This kind of artificial defoliation can be supposed to cause about the same response in Scots pine as natural damage (Lyytikäinen, 1991). I estimated the amount of damage by measuring an adequate number of randomly selected branches to meet the percentage of the damage level.…”

Section: Insect and Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of damage level in Pinus sylvestris foliage on the performance of diprionid sawflies

Lyytikäinen

1992

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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The influence of damage level in Pinus sylvestris foliage on the performance of diprionid sawflies. Accepted Oct. 2, 1991. Scand. J. For. Res. 7: 249-257, 1992 I tested the presence of rapid and delayed induced resistance in Pinus sylvestris L. by biotests, rearing three species of diprionid sawflies on defoliated and undefoliated trees. I damaged the pines artificially by cutting mature needles with scissors at the beginning of the growing season. Four levels of defoliation were created on the basis of levels of removed needle biomass. Sawfly larval and cocoon weights were retarded and relative growth rates delayed as a result of an increase in damage level. The larval periods were prolonged at most 2-6 days. The response to the damage was partly species-specific. The needle water content decreased in the following growing season in connection with low and moderate damage and increased at high damage levels. The nutrient contents of the foliage in the damaged and undamaged trees did not differ significantly. The Scots pine showed damage-induced changes in food quality after extensive defoliation, which affected, via plant, species using the same host.

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Comparison of the effects of artificial and natural defoliation on the growth of diprionid sawflies on Scots pine foliage

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Insect induced resistance in Lodgepole pine: effects on two pine feeding insects

Insect induced resistance in Lodgepole pine: effects on two pine feeding insects

Induced tree response to herbivory influences the foraging preference and performance of a conifer‐defoliating sawfly

The influence of damage level in Pinus sylvestris foliage on the performance of diprionid sawflies

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