Comparison of the effectiveness of virtual reality and chewing mint gum on labor pain and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial

Ebrahimian, Atefeh; Bilandi, Roghaieh Rahmani; Bilandi, M R Rahmani; Sabzeh, Zahra

doi:10.1186/s12884-021-04359-3

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although the anxiolytic effect of gum chewing was not confirmed, the fact that gum chewing was associated with a lower level of pain during CSE induction in cesarean section is noteworthy. This is consistent with previous studies that chewing gum may relieve labor pain (22) or procedural pain in medical experiences (23)(24)(25). For surgical patients, higher anxiety is associated with severe pain and increased analgesic requirements (26,27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Available at https://apm. amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/apm- 22 Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the noncommercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.…”

Section: Footnotementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of chewing gum on anxiety in women undergoing elective cesarean section: a randomized controlled study

Bang¹,

Lee²,

Kang³

et al. 2023

Ann Palliat Med

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Background: Preoperative anxiety is a common problem in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section. We aimed to determine the anxiolytic effects of chewing gum in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section under regional anesthesia.Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Sixty-six women were randomly assigned to either the control group (n=33) or gum group (n=33) in a 1:1 ratio. In the gum group, the participants chewed xylitol gum for at least 10 min/h, regardless of fasting. Gum chewing was started at 5 pm a day before surgery and continued till the participant entered the operation room. In the control group, participants were requested to follow fasting guidelines without further instruction. The primary outcome was preoperative anxiety measured using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) immediately before surgery. Results:The APAIS score immediately before surgery showed no significant difference between the control and the gum group (19.2±5.8 vs. 19.1±4.1, P>0.99). There were no statistically significant differences in the eight items related to anxiety: unfitness, concentration difficulty, hunger, thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, headache, and nausea. However, the pain score during the procedure of combined spinal epidural anesthesia was significantly lower in the chewing gum group [4 (IQR, 3-5.5)] than in the control group [5 (IQR, 3-7), P=0.045].Conclusions: Preoperative gum chewing did not reduce anxiety levels measured immediately before entering the operating room in the participants undergoing elective cesarean section.Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry of Korea; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index.jsp and identifier: KCT0006602; date of registration: September 27, 2021; principal investigator's name: RyungA Kang).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Footnotementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chewing gum on anxiety in women undergoing elective cesarean section: a randomized controlled study

Bang¹,

Lee²,

Kang³

et al. 2023

Ann Palliat Med

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“…Ten articles met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. 22 – 31 The majority of the studies ( n = 8) were published between 2019 and 2021 22 – 25 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 31 with the exception of one study published in 2015 26 and one published in 2016. 29 Four of the studies were conducted in Iran, 23 , 26 , 27 , 29 two in Turkey, 22 , 25 and one in the US, 24 Mexico, 28 New Zealand 30 and China.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality interventions designed to support parents during and throughout the first year after birth: A scoping review

Fallon,

Davies,

Silverio

et al. 2024

DIGITAL HEALTH

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Objective Virtual reality (VR) has become increasingly popular in clinical and health settings where it has been used for a wide range of purposes. A recent scoping review explored VR applications to assist pregnant women and found that VR was a useful method to be used for a range of different purposes in both pregnancy and labour. However, no such review exists for the period after birth. Method We aimed to search for studies that used VR to support parents during birth and in the first year postpartum (Population) in different settings (Context), and finally provided data on the characteristics, reported effectiveness and experience of VR interventions (Concept). Two hundred and fifty-one studies were identified, of which ten were eligible. Two authors independently extracted data including study design, participants and results. Results Findings indicate that VR has been used effectively in this context to alleviate depression anxiety, and multiple domains of pain and to improve childbirth satisfaction. The majority of the studies explored the use of VR technology on outcomes such as pain and anxiety during labour and birth. The studies included used a broad range of VR hardware and software. All of the studies reported positive experiences of using VR. Conclusions Across these studies, VR was found to be effective in terms of both physiological and psychological outcomes. There are many unexplored maternal and infant focused applications of VR which warrant further investigation as emerging evidence indicates this is becoming an increasingly accessible method to improve maternal and infant health outcomes from pregnancy through to parenthood.

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“…4 Although pain during labour is a natural and physiological condition, it can affect the well-being and health of the woman and the foetus, the woman's emotional relationship with the new-born, as well as her prospects for future births. 5 National and international guidelines on the positive birth experience or respected motherhood advocate that pain relief is crucial to the provision of quality care. The World Health Organization 6 states that pain relief should be based on scientific evidence and made available in a timely manner, according to the woman's choices, its culture and its needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality as a strategy for labour pain relief: scoping review protocol

Coelho,

Tereso

2023

Pensar Enf

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Introduction During labour, pain can affect the health of the mother and the foetus, and its relief is a right of the mother and a duty of the professionals. In the promotion of a positive experience of labour, it is crucial that nurses specialised in maternal and obstetric health give priority to pain assessment and the use of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, providing the necessary resources and empowering parturients to use them. Among said methods, virtual reality stands out due to its ease of use and for allowing the reduction of pain levels by diverting attention from the real world, using computers and other devices. Since it is a new approach that is not yet implemented in delivery rooms in Portugal, it is important to map the facilitating factors and barriers associated with its use, so that the dissemination of existing knowledge and its transfer to skilled nursing care during the first stage of labour can be planned. Objective To map the research evidence on the facilitating factors and barriers in the use of VR as a non-pharmacological strategy for pain relief during labour in hospital settings. Methods This protocol follows the guidelines published by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and MedicLatina through the EBSCOhost platform, the Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database, through the Ovid platform are considered for the search and, the grey literature is also included. As inclusion criteria, qualitative, quantitative and mixed studies that address virtual reality as a pain relief strategy during labour in hospital settings (based on the mnemonic PCC - Population, Concept and Context), published in Portuguese, French, Spanish or English language between 2017 and 2022 are considered. The titles and abstracts of identified references will be independently reviewed and assessed for eligibility by two reviewers. In the event of a tie, a third reviewer will be used. Full text studies and data will be extracted using a form. The data extraction table will show the mapped data in a descriptive way answering the research questions. Discussion The results will allow summarising the barriers and facilitating factors in the use of Virtual Reality for pain relief during labour and thus contribute to decision making in planning the dissemination of this strategy to pregnant women and health professionals and its implementation in delivery rooms. Systematic Review Record Open Science Framework : osf.io/4b2sj

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Comparison of the effectiveness of virtual reality and chewing mint gum on labor pain and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of chewing gum on anxiety in women undergoing elective cesarean section: a randomized controlled study

Effect of chewing gum on anxiety in women undergoing elective cesarean section: a randomized controlled study

Virtual reality interventions designed to support parents during and throughout the first year after birth: A scoping review

Virtual reality as a strategy for labour pain relief: scoping review protocol

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