Comparison of the effect of hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch and mannitol on the intraocular pressure in healthy normotensive dogs and the effect of hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch on the intraocular pressure in dogs with primary glaucoma

Abstract

Intravenous hypertonic HES is comparable to intravenous mannitol 20% in lowering the intraocular pressure in healthy normotensive dogs. But this effect lasted half an hour longer after mannitol. In 6/7 eyes with primary glaucoma, hypertonic HES decreased IOP.

Medical Treatment of Primary Canine Glaucoma

“…The IOP-lowering effects of HES have recently been evaluated in both normotensive and acutely glaucomatous dogs. 68 Hypertonic HES (7.5%/6%), administered at a dose of 4 mL/kg over 15 minutes, demonstrated IOP reduction comparable to 20% mannitol, administered at a 1 g/kg dose over the same time period, although the duration of action is slightly shorter. Additionally, HES was found to reduce IOP by up to 24% in 6 of 7 clinical cases of acute congestive primary glaucoma.…”

“…Additionally, HES was found to reduce IOP by up to 24% in 6 of 7 clinical cases of acute congestive primary glaucoma. 68 The major side effects of HES include hypernatremia and hypokalemia, especially in patients with preexisting dehydration. 3 Glycerin Glycerin, or glycerol, is a trihydric alcohol that is rapidly absorbed after oral administration and is ultimately metabolized by the body to glucose.…”

“…3,49 In normotensive dogs, mannitol, administered at a dose of 1 g/kg, significantly reduced IOP by 24%. 68 Because mannitol expands the extracellular fluid volume, it has the potential to overload the cardiovascular system. This may lead to pulmonary edema in patients with cardiac disease or anesthetized patients.…”

A review of the pharmacology of osmotic agents for the treatment of glaucoma in dogs

“…The literature revealed only four studies on the effect of osmotic agents on IOP in dogs (Gilroy, 1986;Lorimer et al 1989;Volopich et al, 2006;Wasserman et al, 2013). Gilroy (1986) did not find any effect of a mannitol infusion (0.25 g/kg) on the IOP in dogs.…”

Gene Therapy Targeting Glaucoma: Where Are We?

“…While not common, spontaneous glaucoma does occur in dogs and the effects of IOP lowering compounds can be evaluated using this model. [40] [101] [126] Monitoring reduction of IOP in normotensive animals is more difficult than assessing IOP changes in ocular hypertensive ones, though a consistent small decrease in IOP can be sufficient for proof of concept for IOP lowering compounds. Exploitation of the mouse as a model for glaucoma has been advanced by the development of methods to measure mouse IOP.…”