Comparison of the Effect of Biodiesel-Diesel and Ethanol-Diesel on the Particulate Emissions of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Di, Yage; Cheung, Chun Shun; Huang, Zuohua

doi:10.1080/02786820902718078

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…While for each engine speed, regardless of the mode of fueling the engine, the fraction of both nano-particles and ultrafine particles decreases with increase in engine load, indicating that the particles tend to be larger in size with increasing engine load. Similar results can also be found in Di et al (2009) for blended fuels. Probably, with an increase of engine load, the increase of particle concentration enhances particle collision and agglomerations, resulting in the formation of larger particles and a reduction in the fraction of nano-particles and fraction of ultrafine particles.…”

Section: Particle Number Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…At each engine speed, there is an increase in PM mass concentration with engine load. At the engine speed of 1920 rev/min, for different level of fumigation methanol, the PM mass concentration varies from 8.7 to 11.8 mg/m 3 for the engine load of 0. also be found in Ning et al (2004), Cheng et al (2008), and Di et al (2009). Also, for the same engine load, the PM mass concentration in general increases with increase in engine speed.…”

Section: Smoke Opacity and Particulate Mass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Experimental Study on Particulate Emissions of a Methanol Fumigated Diesel Engine Equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

Zhang

Cheung

Chan

et al. 2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

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In this article, the effects of fumigation methanol, diesel oxidation catalyst, and engine operation parameters (engine load and engine speed) on diesel smoke opacity, particulate mass concentration, particulate number concentration and the soluble organic fraction (SOF) in the particulate were investigated at certain selected operation conditions. Experiments were performed on a 4-cylinder direct injection diesel engine operating at three engine speeds and three loads for each engine speed. For each engine speed, there was a decrease of smoke opacity with increase in the level of fumigation methanol. The reduction was particularly obvious at the high engine load but was not significant at the low and medium engine loads. For all test conditions, fumigation methanol could effectively reduce the particulate mass and number concentrations. However, fumigation methanol increased the fraction of SOF in the particles. The DOC could further reduce the particulate mass and number concentrations as well as the fraction of SOF in the particles when the exhaust gas temperature was sufficiently high.

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Section: Particle Number Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Smoke Opacity and Particulate Mass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Experimental Study on Particulate Emissions of a Methanol Fumigated Diesel Engine Equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

Zhang

Cheung

Chan

et al. 2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…NO x are a regulated emission in the vehicles because they contribute to photochemical smog, acid rain and ground level ozone. Many authors have indicated that the usage of biodiesel decreases the emissions of HC, CO and PM and the improvements are mainly due to the higher oxygen content of the fuels compared to diesel fuel (Gordon et al, 2014;Di et al, 2009;Karavalakis et al, 2009;Lapuerta et al, 2008;Mayer et al, 2005). A reduction in the organic aerosol emissions was also observed with 10% biodiesel blend and with 30% biodiesel blend as reduced by 22% and 21% than Diesel (Chirico et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Characterization of Particulate Emissions from Biodiesel using High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Choi¹,

Choi²,

Tae-hyun³

et al. 2015

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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In the past several decades, biofuels have emerged as candidates to help mitigate the issues of global warming, fossil fuel depletion and, in some cases, atmospheric pollution. To date, the only biofuels that have achieved any significant penetration in the global transportation sector are ethanol and biodiesel. The global consumption of biodiesel was rapidly increased from 2005. The goal of this study was to examine the chemical composition on particulate pollutant emissions from a diesel engine operating on several different biodiesels. Tests were performed on non-road diesel engine. Experiments were performed on 5 different fuel blends at 2 different engine loading conditions (50% and 75%). 5 different fuel blends were ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD, 100%), soy biodiesel (Blend 20% and Blend 100%) and canola biodiesel (Blend 20% and Blend 100%). The chemical properties of particulate pollutants were characterized using an Aerodyne High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). Organic matter and nitrate were generally the most abundant aerosol components and exhibited maximum concentration of 1207 μg/m 3 and 30 μg/m 3 , respectively. On average, the oxidized fragment families (C x H y O 1 + , and C x H y O z + ) account for ~13% of the three family sum, whilẽ 87% comes from the C x H y + family. The two peaks of C 2 H 3 O 2 (m/z 59.01) and C 3 H 7 O (m/z 59.04) located at approximately m/z 59 could be used to identify atmospheric particulate matter directly to biodiesel exhaust, as distinguished from that created by petroleum diesel in the AMS data.

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“…(43) Although 1-dodecanol (47)(48)(49)(50) and n-butanol (51) are adopted in the ethanol-diesel blend as emulsifier in many studies on the performance and emissions of diesel engine fuelled with ethanol-diesel blends, the discussion for these works will be excluded in this review because spray characteristics of e-diesel was not included in these studies. It is usually blended with conventional diesel denoted as DEXX that XX will be ethanol percentage in volume of ethanol in diesel.…”

Section: Spray Characteristics Of Ethanol Blended Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Spray Characteristics of Bioethanol and Its Blended Fuels in CI Engines

No¹

2014

Journal of ILASS-Korea

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This review will be concentrated on the spray characteristics of bioethanol and its derived fuels such as ethanol-diesel, ethanol-biodiesel in compression ignition (CI) engines. The difficulty in meeting the severe limitations on NOx and PM emissions in CI engines has brought about many methods for the application of ethanol because ethanol diffusion flames in engine produce virtually no soot. The most popular method for the application of ethanol as a fuel in CI engines is the blending of ethanol with diesel. The physical properties of ethanol and its derivatives related to spray characteristics such as viscosity, density and surface tension are discussed. Viscosity and density of e-diesel and e-biodiesel generally are decreased with increase in ethanol content and temperature. More than 22% and 30% of ethanol addition would not satisfied the requirement of viscosity and density in EN 590, respectively. Investigation of neat ethanol sprays in CI engines was conducted by very few researchers. The effect of ambient temperature on liquid phase penetration is a controversial topic due to the opposite result between two studies. More researches are required for the spray characteristics of neat ethanol in CI engines. The ethanol blended fuels in CI engines can be classified into ethanol-diesel blend (e-diesel) and ethanol-biodiesel (e-biodiesel) blend. Even though dodecanol and n-butanol are rarely used, the addition of biodiesel as blend stabilizer is the prevailing method because it has the advantage of increasing the biofuel concentration in diesel fuel. Spray penetration and SMD of e-diesel and e-biodiesel decrease with increase in ethanol concentration, and in ambient pressure. However, spray angle is increased with increase in the ethanol percentage in e-diesel. As the ambient pressure increases, liquid phase penetration was decreased, but spray angle was increased in e-diesel. The increase in ambient temperature showed the slight effect on liquid phase penetration, but spray angle was decreased. A numerical study of micro-explosion concluded that the optimum composition of e-diesel binary mixture for micro-explosion was approximately E50D50, while that of e-biodiesel binary mixture was E30B70 due to the lower volatility of biodiesel. Adding less volatile biodiesel into the ternary mixture of ethanol-biodiesel-diesel can remarkably enhance micro-explosion. Addition of ethanol up to 20% in e-biodiesel showed no effect on spray penetration. However, increase of nozzle orifice diameter results in increase of spray penetration. The more study on liquid phase penetration and SMD in e-diesel and e-biodiesel is required.

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Comparison of the Effect of Biodiesel-Diesel and Ethanol-Diesel on the Particulate Emissions of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Cited by 52 publications

References 32 publications

Experimental Study on Particulate Emissions of a Methanol Fumigated Diesel Engine Equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

Experimental Study on Particulate Emissions of a Methanol Fumigated Diesel Engine Equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

Characterization of Particulate Emissions from Biodiesel using High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

A Review on Spray Characteristics of Bioethanol and Its Blended Fuels in CI Engines

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