Comparison of the Economic and Environmental Performance of V2H and Residential Stationary Battery: Development of a Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Homes of EV Owners

Abstract

The use of batteries of electric vehicles (EVs) for home electricity applications using a bidirectional charger, a process called vehicle-to-home (V2H), is attracting the attention of EV owners as a valuable additional benefit of EVs. To motivate owners to invest in V2H, a quantitative evaluation to compare the performance of EV batteries with that of residential stationary batteries (SBs) is required. In this study, we developed a multi-objective optimization method for the household of EV owners using energy costs including investment and CO2 emissions as indices and compared the performances of V2H and SB. As a case study, a typical detached house in Japan was assumed, and we evaluated the economic and environmental aspects of solar power self-consumption using V2H or SB. The results showed that non-commuting EV owners should invest in V2H if the investment cost of a bidirectional charger is one third of the current cost as compared with inexpensive SB, in 2030. In contrast, our results showed that there were no advantages for commuting EV owners. The results of this study contribute to the rational setting of investment costs to increase the use of V2H by EV owners.

Marginal Value of Vehicle-to-Grid Ancillary Service in a Power System with Variable Renewable Energy Penetration and Grid Side Flexibility

“…The value of V2G LFC may become clearer in future studies when the analysis considers the availability of competing resources such as ESS and heat pumps. However, individual EV owners' decision-making in controlling their EVs should be kept in mind: incentives from other services may affect the availability of V2G, such as vehicle-to-home [33] and other behind-the-meter services or services for local network [3].…”

An aggregator-based dynamic pricing mechanism and optimal scheduling scheme for the electric vehicle charging

“…With a proper pricing scheme, the load shifting scheme is usually formulated as a single or multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) to optimize the charging schedules or battery State-of-Charge (SoC), where cost reduction, carbon emissions reduction, battery lifetime, peak shaving, or renewable energy consumption are included in the objective functions (Gou et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2021). To solve a MOOP, broadly used approaches include genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization, and neural network technique (Wang and Singh 2007;Kataoka et al, 2019;Limmer and Rodedmann 2019;Wenqiang et al, 2021).…”

Home Energy Management Considering Renewable Resources, Energy Storage, and an Electric Vehicle as a Backup

“…It involves many aspects that need to be addressed, including the appropriate RER technologies with the optimal siting and the environment considered. Moreover, other considerations should be taken into account, such as improving conversion efficiency at charging stations, transmission efficiency and loss minimization, optimal control of operation, the need for adequate loads that better match the generation elements, and, finally, the type, capacity, and number of EVs needed for safe and reliable operation [7]. As a result, interest in EV technologies has increased considerably in recent years, resulting in several scientific publications on the subject [8,9].…”