Comparison of the diuretic effects of medetomidine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride in healthy cats

Murahata, Yusuke; Hikasa, Yoshiaki

doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.12.1871

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, the AUC value for plasma AVP from 0.5 to 2 hr after treatment did not significantly change in the MED group compared with the SAL group. These findings were in agreement with previous reports that demonstrated that plasma AVP levels did not significantly decrease after medetomidine administration in cats [16] and dogs [24]. Furthermore, a previous study revealed that the increase in free-water clearance after clonidine administration was associated with a decrease in whole kidney aquaporin-2 mRNA levels and was independent of the changes in vasopressin activity in rats [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In contrast, urine specific gravity and osmolality decreased significantly in proportion to the increase in urine volume after medetomidine administration. These effects were consistent with the results of previous studies in cats [16]. The changes in urine specific gravity and osmolality also corresponded to the antidiuretic action of atipamezole and yohimbine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A previous study showed that plasma sodium levels did not significantly increase after IM administration of 40 µ g/kg medetomidine in cats [16]. Thus, this difference may be attributable to the fluid infusion to the cats in the previous study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Recently, our study showed that both medetomidine and xylazine induced profound diuresis in cats by decreasing water reabsorption in the kidneys [16]. In addition, the same study demonstrated a dose-dependent diuretic effect of xylazine, but not medetomidine, suggesting that some factors, such as differences in α 2 - and α 1 -adrenoceptor selectivity or imidazoline receptor selectivity of the renal system, may be involved in the diuretic mechanism [16]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Antagonistic Effects of Atipamezole, Yohimbine and Prazosin on Medetomidine-Induced Diuresis in Healthy Cats

Murahata

Yamamoto

Miki

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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This study aimed to investigate and compare the antagonistic effects of atipamezole, yohimbine and prazosin on medetomidine-induced diuresis in healthy cats. Five cats were repeatedly used in each of the 9 groups. One group was not medicated. Cats in the other groups received 40 µg/kg medetomidine intramuscularly and saline (as the control), 160 µg/kg prazosin, or 40, 160 or 480 µg/kg atipamezole or yohimbine intravenously 0.5 hr later. Volume, pH and specific gravity of urine; plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) level; and creatinine, osmolality and electrolyte levels in both urine and plasma were measured. Both atipamezole and yohimbine, but not prazosin, antagonized medetomidine-induced diuresis. The antidiuretic effect of atipamezole was more potent than that of yohimbine, but was not dose dependent, in contrast to the effect of yohimbine at the tested doses. Both atipamezole and yohimbine reversed medetomidine-induced decreases in both urine specific gravity and osmolality and increases in plasma osmolality and free-water clearance. Antidiuresis of either atipamezole or yohimbine was not related to the area under the curve for AVP level, although the highest dose of both atipamezole and yohimbine initially and temporarily increased plasma AVP levels, suggesting that this may partly influence the antidiuretic effects of both agents. The diuretic effect of medetomidine in cats may be mediated by α2-adrenoceptors, but not α1-adrenoceptors. Atipamezole and yohimbine can be used as antagonistic agents against medetomidine-induced diuresis in healthy cats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Antagonistic Effects of Atipamezole, Yohimbine and Prazosin on Medetomidine-Induced Diuresis in Healthy Cats

Murahata

Yamamoto

Miki

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…1 The α 2 -adrenoceptor agonist medetomidine is widely used in feline veterinary practice as an excellent sedative; however, it induces undesirable effects, such as bradyarrhythmia, hyperglycemia, and emesis. [5][6][7] A combination of medetomidine with midazolam and ketamine produces good analgesia and anesthesia in cats, with better analgesia potentiation. [8][9][10][11] Therefore, there is a need to investigate the effects of using an injectable anesthetic, alfaxalone, in combination with medetomidine and midazolam as a preanesthetic medication in feline veterinary practice.…”

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confidence: 99%

A randomized clinical trial on effects of alfaxalone combined with medetomidine and midazolam in preventing stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses of isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery

Kamohara

Hikasa

2022

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of IM and IV administration of alfaxalone alone and in combination with medetomidine, midazolam, or both on key stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic changes in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy or castration. ANIMALS 72 client-owned mixed-breed cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy or castration between October 4, 2018, and January 10, 2020. PROCEDURES For each type of surgery, cats were assigned to 1 of 6 premedication protocols groups, with 6 cats/group: physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.5 mL, IM) and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IV); physiologic saline solution (0.5 mL, IM) and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IM); medetomidine (50 μg/kg, IM) and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IV); medetomidine (50 μg/kg, IM) and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IM); midazolam (0.5 mg/kg, IM), medetomidine (50 μg/kg, IM), and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IV); or midazolam (0.5 mg/kg, IM), medetomidine (50 μg/kg, IM), and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IM). Venous blood was taken before pretreatment, pre- and postoperatively during anesthesia with isoflurane and oxygen, and during early and complete recovery. RESULTS Compared with baseline concentrations, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations decreased during anesthesia in cats premedicated with alfaxalone alone and in combination with medetomidine. The combination of medetomidine, midazolam, and alfaxalone prevented an excessive increase in catecholamines during anesthesia and surgery in cats. Postoperative plasma cortisol concentration after ovariohysterectomy was lower for cats premedicated with the combination of medetomidine and alfaxalone or the combination of medetomidine, midazolam, and alfaxalone, compared with cats premedicated with alfaxalone alone. Cats treated with combinations that included medetomidine and midazolam had hyperglycemia during anesthesia. Cats treated with medetomidine or medetomidine and midazolam in combination with alfaxalone, compared with alfaxalone alone, had lower concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids during anesthesia. Behavioral recovery scores were lower (better) for cats that received medetomidine in addition to alfaxalone, compared with alfaxalone alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that pretreatments with medetomidine and alfaxalone or with medetomidine, midazolam, and alfaxalone were useful for preventing stress-related hormonal and metabolic responses, other than hyperglycemia, during isoflurane anesthesia and surgery in cats.

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Fluid Therapy

Pascoe

2017

Feline Anesthesia and Pain Management

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Comparison of the diuretic effects of medetomidine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride in healthy cats

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Antagonistic Effects of Atipamezole, Yohimbine and Prazosin on Medetomidine-Induced Diuresis in Healthy Cats

Antagonistic Effects of Atipamezole, Yohimbine and Prazosin on Medetomidine-Induced Diuresis in Healthy Cats

A randomized clinical trial on effects of alfaxalone combined with medetomidine and midazolam in preventing stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses of isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery

Fluid Therapy

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