Comparison of the cold hardiness capacities of the oviparous and viviparous forms of <i>Lacerta vivipara</i>

Voituron, Yann; Heulin, Benoı̂t; Surget‐Groba, Yann

doi:10.1002/jez.a.20042

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…They remained stable over freezing exposures, once again suggesting the lack of any physiological response to freezing. Whereas several studies have detected geographic variations of cold tolerance in various ectotherms (2,48,53), the similarities observed in our study between French and Turkish populations can be explained by the recent introduction of R. ridibunda into western Europe from populations of eastern Europe and Anatolia (18). It is noteworthy that none of our results provide any reason why R. ridibunda could not overwinter on land.…”

Section: Metabolic Responsescontrasting

confidence: 42%

Freezing tolerance of the European water frogs: the good, the bad, and the ugly

Voituron¹,

Joly²,

Eugène³

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Survival and some physiological responses to freezing were investigated in three European water frogs ( Rana lessonae, Rana ridibunda, and their hybridogen Rana esculenta). The three species exhibited different survival times during freezing (from 10 h for R. lessonae to 20 h for R. ridibunda). The time courses of percent water frozen were similar; however, because of the huge differences in body mass among species (from 10 g for Rana lessonae to nearly 100 g for Rana ridibunda), the ice mass accumulation rate varied markedly (from 0.75 ± 0.12 to 1.43 ± 0.11 g ice/h, respectively) and was lowest in the terrestrial hibernator Rana lessonae. The hybrid Rana esculenta exhibited an intermediate response between the two parental species; furthermore, within-species correlation existed between body mass and ice mass accumulation rates, suggesting the occurrence of subpopulations in this species (0.84 ± 0.08 g ice/h for small R. esculenta and 1.78 ± 0.09 g ice/h for large ones). Biochemical analyses showed accumulation of blood glucose and lactate, liver glucose (originating from glycogen), and liver alanine in Rana lessonae and Rana esculenta but not in Rana ridibunda in response to freezing. The variation of freeze tolerance between these three closely related species could bring understanding to the physiological processes involved in the evolution of freeze tolerance in vertebrates.

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Section: Metabolic Responsescontrasting

confidence: 42%

Freezing tolerance of the European water frogs: the good, the bad, and the ugly

Voituron¹,

Joly²,

Eugène³

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Although freeze tolerance in vertebrates was first reported over 30 years ago [ 1 ] and dozens of papers on the subject have since appeared, relatively little is known about variation in freeze tolerance capacity among populations of conspecifics [ 2 – 5 ]. We recently described the extraordinary capacity for freeze tolerance in a subarctic population of the wood frog ( Rana sylvatica ), a North American species that ranges from the southern Appalachians to within the Arctic Circle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryoprotectants and Extreme Freeze Tolerance in a Subarctic Population of the Wood Frog

et al. 2015

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Wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) exhibit marked geographic variation in freeze tolerance, with subarctic populations tolerating experimental freezing to temperatures at least 10-13 degrees Celsius below the lethal limits for conspecifics from more temperate locales. We determined how seasonal responses enhance the cryoprotectant system in these northern frogs, and also investigated their physiological responses to somatic freezing at extreme temperatures. Alaskan frogs collected in late summer had plasma urea levels near 10 μmol ml-1, but this level rose during preparation for winter to 85.5 ± 2.9 μmol ml-1 (mean ± SEM) in frogs that remained fully hydrated, and to 186.9 ± 12.4 μmol ml-1 in frogs held under a restricted moisture regime. An osmolality gap indicated that the plasma of winter-conditioned frogs contained an as yet unidentified osmolyte(s) that contributed about 75 mOsmol kg-1 to total osmotic pressure. Experimental freezing to –8°C, either directly or following three cycles of freezing/thawing between –4 and 0°C, or –16°C increased the liver’s synthesis of glucose and, to a lesser extent, urea. Concomitantly, organs shed up to one-half (skeletal muscle) or two-thirds (liver) of their water, with cryoprotectant in the remaining fluid reaching concentrations as high as 0.2 and 2.1 M, respectively. Freeze/thaw cycling, which was readily survived by winter-conditioned frogs, greatly increased hepatic glycogenolysis and delivery of glucose (but not urea) to skeletal muscle. We conclude that cryoprotectant accrual in anticipation of and in response to freezing have been greatly enhanced and contribute to extreme freeze tolerance in northern R. sylvatica.

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“…In fact in reptiles the transition toward viviparity is consistently associated with colonization of harsh and cold climates (Pyron and Burbrink, 2014). For instance, Z. v. vivipara individuals exhibit a higher cold tolerance than oviparous ones (Voituron et al, 2004) and offspring that develop inside the body of the females for longer are more likely to survive freezing temperatures (Blackburn, 2005), allowing the colonization of high latitudes and altitudes. Differences in thermal tolerance likely determine the distinct altitudinal distribution of the two lineages in the Alps, with the viviparous living at higher altitude than oviparous one, although an overlap of their altitudinal distribution has been documented in the Alpine chain (Cornetti et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and ecological data reveal species boundaries between viviparous and oviparous lizard lineages

et al. 2015

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Identification of cryptic species is an essential aim for conservation biologists to avoid premature extinctions of 'unrecognized' species. Integrating different types of data can undoubtedly aid in resolving the issue of species delimitation. We studied here two lineages of the common lizard Zootoca vivipara that display different reproductive mode (the viviparous Z. v. vivipara and the oviparous Z. v. carniolica) and that overlap their distributional ranges in the European Alps. With the purpose of delimiting species' boundaries, we analyzed their ecological, genetic and natural history features. More than 300 samples were collected and analyzed at cytochrome b and 11 microsatellites loci for investigating genetic variation, population structure, individual relatedness and evolutionary histories of the two lineages. Additionally, we compared their ecological niches using eight ecological variables. Genetic data showed contrasting patterns of genetic structure between the two lineages, different demographic dynamics and no hybridization events. Also strong ecological differences (such as temperature) emerged between the two lineages, and niche overlap was limited. Taken together, these results indicate that Z. v. vivipara and Z. v. carniolica should be recognized as two separate species, and particular conservation consideration should be given to the oviparous lineage that tends to live in areas threatened by increasing impact of human activities. However, recent and rapid climate warming might determine an increasing risk for the persistence of the viviparous lineage, being adapted to cold environments.

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Comparison of the cold hardiness capacities of the oviparous and viviparous forms of Lacerta vivipara

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Freezing tolerance of the European water frogs: the good, the bad, and the ugly

Freezing tolerance of the European water frogs: the good, the bad, and the ugly

Cryoprotectants and Extreme Freeze Tolerance in a Subarctic Population of the Wood Frog

Genetic and ecological data reveal species boundaries between viviparous and oviparous lizard lineages

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