Comparison of the Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential of Equine Synovial Membrane-Derived and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Focal cartilage injury occurs commonly and often precipitates OA. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be useful for repairing cartilage lesions, thereby preventing joint degeneration. Although MSCs isolated from bone marrow have been shown to have chondrogenic potential, synovial membrane-derived MSCs (SM-MSCs) may have superior chondrogenic abilities due to a common progenitor cell between synovium and cartilage. The objective of this study was to directly compare the immunophenotype, proliferative capabilities, and chondrogenic potential of equine SM-MSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). In order to do this, MSCs were isolated from synovial membrane and bone marrow collected from 6 adult horses. Flow cytometric analysis was used to assess cell surface marker expression including CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD45, CD-79α, MHCI, and MHCII. Proliferation rates and doubling time were quantified in P1 and P2 cells. Trilineage differentiation assays were performed. MSC pellets were cultured in chondrogenic induction media for 28 days. Pellets were stained with toluidine blue to assess proteoglycan deposition. Expression of the chondrogenic-related genes ACAN, COL2b , and SOX9 was quantified using qRT-PCR. The immunophenotypes of BM-MSCs and SM-MSCs were similar with both cell types being positive for expression of stem cell markers (CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, and MHCI) and negative for exclusion markers (CD45 and CD79α). Although SM-MSCs did not express the exclusion marker, MHCII, expression of MHCII was moderate in BM-MSCs. Overall, chondrogenic differentiation was not significantly between the cell types with histologic parameters, proteoglycan content and gene expression being similar. BM-MSCs showed enhanced osteogenic differentiation compared to SM-MSCs. Synovial membrane is a feasible source of MSCs in the horse, however, superior chondrogenesis in vitro should not be expected under currently described culture conditions.

BMSC-derived exosomes from congenital polydactyly tissue alleviate osteoarthritis by promoting chondrocyte proliferation

“…However, when articular cartilage is injured, spontaneous repair is very difficult because the perichondrium covering the articular cartilage surface is absent, bone progenitor cells are lost and the synthesis capacity of the chondrocytes adjacent to the injured site is limited 34 . Currently, BMSCs, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells 35 , synovial mesenchymal stem cells 36 , and embryonic mesenchymal stem cells 37 can be used as seed cells for tissue-engineered cartilage repair. Here, we demonstrated that pBMSCs have a great ability to differentiate into chondrocytes.…”

Heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage regeneration: from characterization to application

“…Various studies have proven that SDSCs possess a stronger capacity for proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation than BMSCs and ADSCs 16 , 38 , 95 , 96 , while their osteogenic capability has been shown to be weaker than that of BMSCs. In addition, the expression of MSC markers (CD105, CD90, CD73, MHC-I) was similar between SDSCs and BMSCs, but MHC-II expression was much lower in SDSCs 97 , indicating that SDSCs also possessed an advantage in terms of immunogenicity. Djouad reported that the immunomodulatory ability of SDSCs was comparable to that of BMSCs.…”

Recent progress on the role of miR-140 in cartilage matrix remodelling and its implications for osteoarthritis treatment

“…Bone marrow stem cells are the typical donor cells of exosomes, and miRNAs are the typical therapeutic cargoes [85]. SF-MSCs have shown higher chondrogenic potential than BM-MSCs [86]. Exosomes purified from autologous SF-MSCs represent exciting new avenues to deliver miRNAs in OA treatment (Fig.…”