Comparison of the characteristics of hydrothermal carbons derived from holocellulose and crude biomass

Liu, Fangyan; Guo, Minghui

doi:10.1007/s10853-014-8723-0

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…After pretreatment with sulphuric acid, a new, broad peak at approximately 415 • C is generated in the thermogram. The peak is still weak at a pretreatment temperature of 180 • C, but becomes more abundant at a pretreatment temperature of 200 • C. The emergence of a new peak in the region of 410-420 • C was also observed in the sulphuric acid-catalysed pretreatment of miscanthus, as well as in the hydrothermal carbonisation of various lignocelluloses [63][64][65]. It can be assumed that the 415 • C peak is an inert pseudo lignin formed by solid-to-solid transformations of the polysaccharides [66].…”

Section: Solid Residue Changesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Sugars and Furfurals Formation

et al. 2020

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Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a crucial step for the production of sugars and biobased platform chemicals. Pretreatment experiments in a semi-continuous plant with diluted sulphuric acid as catalyst were carried out to measure the time-dependent formation of sugars (glucose, xylose, mannose), furfurals, and organic acids (acetic, formic, and levulinic acid) at different hydrolysis temperatures (180, 200, 220 °C) of one representative of each basic type of lignocellulose: hardwood, softwood, and grass. The addition of the acid catalyst is followed by a sharp increase in the sugar concentration. Xylose and mannose were mainly formed in the initial stages of the process, while glucose was released slowly. Increasing the reaction temperature had a positive effect on the formation of furfurals and organic acids, especially on hydroxymehtylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid, regardless of biomass type. In addition, large amounts of formic acid were released during the hydrolysis of miscanthus grass. Structural changes in the solid residue show a complete hydrolysis of hemicellulose at 180 °C and of cellulose at 200 °C after around 120 min reaction time. The results obtained in this study can be used for the optimisation of the hydrolysis conditions and reactor design to maximise the yields of desired products, which might be sugars or furfurals.

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Section: Solid Residue Changesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Sugars and Furfurals Formation

et al. 2020

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“…However, the hydrogen and oxygen contents showed decreasing trends after the consecutive treatments of carbonization and activation (Saqib et al 2015). The decrease in H/O and O/C ratios became noticeable after activation and carbonization due to the decarboxylation reaction and the aromatization processes occurring during these processes (Liu and Guo 2015). The H3PO4 acid aided in the dehydration process, as exhibited by the declining trend in both the H/C and O/C ratios.…”

Section: Fig 1 Sem Micrographs Of (A) Rs (B) Rsc and (C) Rsacmentioning

confidence: 94%

Equilibrium Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies of Divalent Cation Adsorption onto Calamus gracilis Sawdust-Based Activated Carbon

Adebisi¹,

Chowdhury²,

Hamid³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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Activated carbon (RSAC) was prepared using the two steps of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and chemical activation from the sawdust of Calamus gracilis, commonly known as Rattan (RS). The HTC process was carried out using a Teflon-lined autoclave to produce hydrochar, followed by chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The highest removal percentage obtained for lead, Pb(II), and zinc, Zn(II), cations were 86.71% and 64.26%, respectively, using the initial adsorbate concentration of 350 mg/L at 30 °C. These values strongly indicated the promising adsorption potential of the newly prepared hydrochar-based activated carbon (RSAC) for the better management of industrial wastewater and effluents. The analysis of the equilibrium sorption data revealed that these adsorptions followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The prepared carbon (RSCAC) showed enhanced surface area with porous texture, which could effectively aid for elimination of Pb(II) and Zn(II) cations from waste water.

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“…The H/C ratio decreased due to aromatization that occurred during hydrothermal carbonization. The O/C ratio decreased as a result of decarboxylation, whereas both the H/C and O/C ratios decreased via dehydration (Liu and Guo 2015). …”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Many sphere-like microparticles were deposited over the larger particles (BEFBC). Cellulose and hemicellulose were degraded during hydrothermal carbonization, producing carbon microspheres (Liu and Guo 2015). However, the more chemically stable non-saccharide components of biomass (lignin) were only partially degraded, which preserved the original skeleton of the particles (Sevilla and Fuertes 2009;Gao et al 2012;Falco et al 2013).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermally Treated Banana Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Activated Carbon for Pb(II) and Zn(II) Removal

Adebisi¹,

Chowdhury²,

Hamid³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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Activated carbon was produced by chemical activation of hydrothermally carbonized (HTC) banana empty fruit bunch (BEFB), using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as the activating agent. The activation process was optimized using a Box-Behnken factorial design (BBD), with an outcome of 17 different experiments under the predefined conditions. Three different parameters (activation temperature (x1), activation time (x2), and the concentration of activating acid (x3)) were analyzed with respect to their influence on maximum adsorption percentage for divalent cations, Pb(II) (Y1) and Zn(II) (Y2), and carbon yield (Y3). All process parameters had strong positive effects on adsorption capacity up to a certain limit. The specific surface area of the hydrochar (HTC) was enhanced substantially after the activation process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the morphology of the BEFB-based char changed noticeably after the acid impregnation and activation process. The Langmuir maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for Pb (II) and Zn (II) cations was 74.62 mg/g and 77.51 mg/g, respectively. Equilibrium isotherm data were in agreement with the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic characterization revealed that the equilibrium system was endothermic and spontaneous.

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Comparison of the characteristics of hydrothermal carbons derived from holocellulose and crude biomass

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Sugars and Furfurals Formation

Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Sugars and Furfurals Formation

Equilibrium Isotherm, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies of Divalent Cation Adsorption onto Calamus gracilis Sawdust-Based Activated Carbon

Hydrothermally Treated Banana Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Activated Carbon for Pb(II) and Zn(II) Removal

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