Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: A randomized trial

Dansinger, Michael; Gleason, Joi A.; Griffith, John L.; Selker, Harry P.; Schaefer, E. J.

doi:10.1016/j.accreview.2005.02.079

Cited by 224 publications

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“…The only comparable study is that carried out by Dansinger et al 21 They reported similar weight losses in the Atkins, Zone, Weight Watchers and Ornish diets. However, retention rates were lower in the Atkins and Ornish diets (around 50%) and only modestly higher in the Zone and Weight Watchers regimens (65%), compared with our study in which 75-93% completed the 1-year intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, retention rates were lower in the Atkins and Ornish diets (around 50%) and only modestly higher in the Zone and Weight Watchers regimens (65%), compared with our study in which 75-93% completed the 1-year intervention. In the Dansinger et al 21 study, increased dietary adherence, regardless of diet group, was associated with greater weight loss and cardiac risk factor reductions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Very few data are available relating to longterm (12 months or greater) comparisons of such alternative dietary regimens 6,[17][18][19][20] and only one study has been published that compares HP, HF and the more widely recommended HC-high-fibre diet over a prolonged period. 21 We have previously reported a 6-month comparison of such diets in overweight insulin-resistant women. 22 We report here on the sustainability of these diets in free-living insulin-resistant women 12 months after their prescription.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term effects of popular dietary approaches on weight loss and features of insulin resistance

et al. 2005

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Objective: High-carbohydrate (HC)-high-fibre diets are recommended for weight loss and for treating and preventing diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We report a randomised trial comparing high-fat (HF) and high-protein (HP) diets with the conventional approach. Research design and methods: A total of 93 overweight insulin-resistant women received advice following randomisation to HF, HP or HC dietary regimes, to achieve weight loss followed by weight maintenance over 12 months. Weight, body composition and measures of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were investigated. Results: Retention rates were 93% for HP and 75% for HC and HF. Features of the metabolic syndrome improved in all groups during the first 6 months, to a greater extent on HF and HP than an HC. During the second 6 months the HF group had increases in waist circumference (mean difference 4.4 cm (95% CI 3.0, 5.8)), fat mass (2.3 kg (1.5, 3.1)), triglycerides (0.28 mmol/l (0.09, 0.46)) and 2 h glucose (0.70 mmol/l (0.22, 1.18)). Overall there was substantial sustained improvement in waist circumference, triglycerides and insulin in the HP group and sustained but more modest changes on HC. Dietary compliance at 12 months was poor in all groups. Conclusions: HP and HC approaches appear to be appropriate options for insulin-resistant individuals. When recommending HP diets appropriate composition of dietary fat must be ensured. HC diet recommendations must include advice regarding appropriate high-fibre, low glycaemic index foods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term effects of popular dietary approaches on weight loss and features of insulin resistance

et al. 2005

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“…In the first, 169 obese individuals were randomized to one of 4 popular diets: the Atkins Diet, the Ornish Diet, the Weight Watchers Diet, and the Zone Diet. 13 At the end of 12 months, each diet produced weight loss of about 5 kg, but there was no difference between diets. Adherence to the diet was the single most important criterion of success in this trial, and the Atkins and Ornish diets were apparently more difficult to adhere to.…”

Section: Comparison Of Diets With Different Macronutrient Compositionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Medical Therapy for Obesity

Bray

2010

Mount Sinai J Medicine

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Obesity results from a prolonged small positive energy imbalance, and treatment needs to reverse this imbalance. Many different diets have been tried to treat obesity, and weight loss occurs with all of them. There is currently no evidence that supports the superiority of one macronutrient composition for diets over any other. The principal effect seems to be the degree of adherence to the prescribed calorie reduction. Obesity drugs have been developed that tap brain mechanisms for controlling feeding and the gastrointestinal tract The prevalence of obesity now exceeds 30% of US adults, 1 but may be leveling off at an unacceptably high level. More than two-thirds of Americans are overweight, 1 and excessive weight is a problem for children and adolescents too. 2 The fundamental More than two-thirds of Americans, including children and adolescents, are overweight.problem is the result of a small, but prolonged, positive energy balance, where energy from food exceeds energy needed for everyday living. 3,4 REALITIES IN TREATING AN OBESE PATIENT One of the key messages for obese patients is that when caloric intake is reduced below that needed for daily energy expenditure, there is a predictable rate of weight loss. 4 Men generally lose weight faster than women of similar height and weight on any given diet, because men have more lean body mass and therefore higher energy expenditure. Similarly, older patients have a lower metabolic expenditure and as a rule lose weight more slowly than do younger subjects with similar adherence to weight-loss programs. Thus, adherence to any program is an essential component of success.

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“…A recent meta-analysis, however, has shown that low-carbohydrate diets could result in a greater weight loss in the first 6 months but not in the long term (8) . Indeed, the main variable predicting the amount of weight loss was dietary compliance, regardless of the type of diet (9) . Moreover, a randomized trial comparing four low-energy diets with various compositions of fat, protein and carbohydrate over a 2-year period found similar weight loss, satiety, hunger and compliance, regardless of which macronutrients they emphasized (10) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of energy-restricted diets with different protein:carbohydrate ratios: the relationship to insulin sensitivity

Ballesteros-Pomar¹,

Calleja-Fernández²,

Vidal-Casariego³

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Insulin sensitivity could determine the effectiveness of weight-loss diets with different protein:carbohydrate ratios. Our aim was to evaluate whether or not energy-restricted diets with different protein:carbohydrate ratios in obese individuals with (IR) or without (IS) insulin resistance could lead to differences in weight loss or insulin sensitivity. Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical intervention study. Thirty-six obese patients, allocated to the IR or IS group after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and calculation of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) index, were assigned to follow an energy-restricted diet with either 40 % carbohydrate/30 % protein/30 % fat (diet A) or 55 % carbohydrate/15 % protein/30 % fat (diet B) and followed up to 16 weeks. Results: Twenty-one IR and fifteen IS patients were randomized to diet A or B. After 16 weeks, there was no difference in weight loss between diets A and B in each group. Glucose and insulin levels and HOMA were significantly reduced at 16 weeks, but no differences related to the type of diet were detected either in the IR or the IS group. Conclusions: Varying the macronutrient composition of a hypoenergetic diet, regarding the percentage protein:carbohydrate ratio, did not produce different weight loss or result in an improvement in insulin sensitivity in people with or without insulin resistance.

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Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: A randomized trial

Cited by 224 publications

References 0 publications

Long-term effects of popular dietary approaches on weight loss and features of insulin resistance

Long-term effects of popular dietary approaches on weight loss and features of insulin resistance

Medical Therapy for Obesity

Effectiveness of energy-restricted diets with different protein:carbohydrate ratios: the relationship to insulin sensitivity

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