Comparison of the antiviral effect of solid-state copper and silver compounds

Abstract

Antiviral activities of insoluble solid-state and soluble ionic copper and silver compounds were evaluated against influenza A virus (A/PR8/H1N1) possessing a viral envelope and bacteriophage Qβ lacking an envelope. The viral solutions were exposed on glass samples uniformly loaded with copper and silver compounds. Exposure to solid-state cuprous oxide (Cu2O) efficiently inactivated both influenza A virus and bacteriophage Qβ, whereas solid-state cupric oxide (CuO) and silver sulfide (Ag2S) showed little antiviral activity. Copper ions from copper chloride (CuCl2) had little effect on the activity of bacteriophage Qβ in spite of the fact that copper ions strongly inactivate influenza A in previous studies. Silver ions from silver nitrate (AgNO3) and silver(I) oxide (Ag2O) in solution showed strong inactivation of influenza A and weak inactivation of bacteriophage Qβ. We also investigated the influence of the compounds on the function of two influenza viral proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Silver ions from AgNO3 and Ag2O remarkably decreased enzymatic activity of neuraminidase through the breakage of disulfide (SS) bonds, corresponding to the selective inactivation of influenza A virus. By contrast, exposure to Cu2O markedly reduced the activity of hemagglutinin rather than neuraminidase. These findings suggest that solid-state Cu2O disrupts host cell recognition by denaturing protein structures on viral surfaces, leading to the inactivation of viruses regardless of the presence of a viral envelope.

Influence of Macrocyclic Coordination Compounds of Copper (Iii) on the Productivity of Virusindicated Spring Wheat Plants

“…Сьогодні мідь використовується як очищувач води, у складі альгіцидів, фунгіцидів, нематоцидів, молюскоцидів, а також антибактеріальних і антигрибних агентів. Мідь також проявляє чітко виражену противірусну активність щодо таких вірусів, як ВІЛ-1, HSV типу I, вірусу типів Коксакі В2 і В4, ЕСНО-вірусу 4, мавпячого ротавірусу SA11, вірусу грипу типу А, а також щодо деяких бактеріофагів [14,15]. Координаційні сполуки міді(ІІІ) в останні роки привертають особливу увагу дослідників, які працюють в галузі неорганічної біохімії і розробки біологічно активних речовин на основі металокомплексів.…”

Bactericidal cotton fabrics modified by silver and copper nanoparticles: optical spectra, structures, electrical resistance

“…Modern understanding of the mechanism of inhibitory effect of silver on microorganisms is described with three basic processes: 1) the cell uptake of free silver ions, the interruption of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production and DNA replication; 2) the formation of reactive oxygen species catalyzed by Ag ions and NPs; 3) direct destruction of the cell membrane by metal nanoparticles [7] . Besides copper and silver compounds demonstrate antiviral activity also [8] . Solid-state Cu 2 O disrupts host cell recognition by denaturing protein structures on viral surfaces, leading to the inactivation of viruses.…”

Antiviral Effect of Visible Light-Sensitive CuxO/TiO2 Photocatalyst

“…Although the biocidal properties of copper and silver have been reported previously [10], their antiviral effects are insufficient and do not last over the long term. Once their We anticipated three plausible reasons for the efficient antiviral properties of Cu2O, as shown in Figure 2: (a) reactive oxygen species (ROS) [41], (b) leached copper ions [10], and (c) the solid-state compound itself [34,35]. Based on our careful investigation, we excluded ROS by evaluating the antiviral properties under nitrogen atmosphere.…”

“…These results strongly imply that the surface of Cu 2 O causes the denaturation or degradation of biomolecules in viruses, which results in their inactivation. [35]. Error bars indicate standard deviations of two or three replicate experiments.…”