Comparison of the air kerma standards of the IAEA and the BIPM in mammography x-rays

Kessler, C; Burns, D T; Czap, Ladislav; Csete, I; Gomola, Igor

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/50/1a/06005

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…RQR5) was used. This approach is followed in most key, supplementary or other comparisons [2,3,4], although in a few others only the radiation code (e.g. kV) is given to the results presentation [20].…”

Section: Results Of Calibrations At the Participating Laboratoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expressed as the difference of the companion result and the respective CRV. When a number of radiation qualities and instruments are used in a comparison, the results are deduced for each quality and instrument, separately [2,3,4,17,20], as described in the previous sections.…”

Section: Methods For Deriving the Degree Of Equivalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EURAMET project #1221 (2012) identified as EURAMET.RI(I)-S10, referred to the PTB and IAEA bilateral comparison of the air kerma standards for x-radiation qualities used in general diagnostic radiology and mammography [3]. The BIPM.RI(I)-S1 (2012) supplementary comparison concerned the comparison of the air-kerma standards of the IAEA and the BIPM in the mammography x-ray range from 25 kV to 35 kV [4]. Finally, some international DR research projects also included comparison of dosimeters in clinical and calibration laboratory beams [5,6,7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of air kerma area product and air kerma meter calibrations for X-ray radiation qualities used in diagnostic radiology

Hourdakis¹,

Csete²,

Daures³

et al. 2015

Metrologia

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Report on the EURAMET project #1177, identified in the BIPM key comparison database (KCDB) as EURAMET RI(I)-S9 C.J. Hourdakis (a) , I. Csete (b,j) , J. Daures (c) , H. Jarvinen (d) , L-C Mihailescu (e) , V. Sochor (f) , L. Novak (g) , K. M. Pedersen (h) , A. Kosunen (d) , P. Toroi (d) , M. Denoziere (c) , L. Büermann (i) , A. Megzifene (b) , G. Einarsson (k) , P. Ferrari (l) , J. dePooter (m) , H. Bjerke (n) , M. Brodecki (o) , J. Cardoso (p) , S. Bercea (q) , O. Ciraj-Bjelac (r) , J. Compel (s) , D. Glavič-Cindro (t) , M.Ginjaume (u) , Linda Persson (v) and Jan-Erik Grindborg (v)

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Section: Results Of Calibrations At the Participating Laboratoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods For Deriving the Degree Of Equivalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of air kerma area product and air kerma meter calibrations for X-ray radiation qualities used in diagnostic radiology

Hourdakis¹,

Csete²,

Daures³

et al. 2015

Metrologia

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“…An example of how the input parameters are entered in the GUI is shown in Figure 1. In this example the application is set up for calculation of the BIPM‐135 spectrum 11 using the “kqp” physics model 12 . The other section of the GUI contains the calculation results, i.e., the resulting spectrum, presented both as a graphical representation and in tabular form.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The software was evaluated by comparing HVL values calculated using SpekPy Web (SpekPy version 2.0.8) to experimentally determined values from BIPM (Interna-tional Bureau of Weights and Measures) 11 for 15 standard beam qualities,all with a tungsten anode.The spectrum parameters used for the HVL calculation are listed in Table 2. The computation times for the HVL calculations were also estimated by running each calculation ten times and recording the mean computation time.…”

Section: Software Evaluation: Test Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Technical note: SpekPy Web—online x‐ray spectrum calculations using an interface to the SpekPy toolkit

Vorbau,

Poludniowski

2024

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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Knowledge of the photon spectrum emitted from an x‐ray tube is frequently needed in imaging and dosimetry contexts. As the spectrum characteristics are influenced by several parameters and routine measurement of a spectrum is often impractical, a variety of software programs have been developed over the decades for convenient calculations. SpekPy is a state‐of‐the‐art software package containing several spectrum models, and was created to estimate photon spectra originating from x‐ray tubes using a small set of input parameters (e.g., anode material, anode angle, tube potential, filtration, etc.). SpekPy is distributed as a Python toolkit and is available free of charge. The toolkit does, however, lack a graphical user interface and a user is required to write a Python script to make use of it. In this work this limitation is addressed by introducing a web application called SpekPy Web: a graphical user interface together with an application programmable interface (API). These developments both make the SpekPy spectrum models accessible to a broader set of users and increases the ease of use for existing users. SpekPy Web is hosted at: https://spekpy.smile.ki.se. The functionality of the software is demonstrated, using its API, by estimating first half‐value layers (HVLs) for 15 standard beam qualities from the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). The estimated HVLs were found to all be within 3.5% agreement when compared to experimental values, with an average calculation time of 2.5 s per spectrum.half‐value‐layer, software, x‐ray spectrum

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Determination of intrinsic energy dependence of point‐like inorganic scintillation detector in brachytherapy

Georgi,

Tedgren,

Persson

et al. 2024

Medical Physics

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BackgroundInorganic scintillation detectors (ISDs) are promising for in vivo dosimetry in brachytherapy (BT). ISDs have fast response, providing time resolved dose rate information, and high sensitivity, attributed to high atomic numbers. However, the conversion of the detector signal to absorbed dose‐to‐water is highly dependent on the energy spectrum of the incident radiation. This dependence is comprised of absorbed dose energy dependence, obtainable with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, and the absorbed dose‐to‐signal conversion efficiency or intrinsic energy dependence requiring measurements. Studies have indicated negligible intrinsic energy dependence of ZnSe:O‐based ISDs in Ir‐192 BT. A full characterization has not been performed earlier.PurposeThis study characterizes the intrinsic energy dependence of ZnSe:O‐based ISDs for kV X‐ray radiation qualities, with energies relevant for BT.MethodsThree point‐like ISDs made from fiber‐coupled cuboid ZnSe:O‐based scintillators were calibrated at the Swedish National Metrology Laboratory for ionizing radiation. The calibration was done in terms of air kerma free‐in‐air, Kair, in 13 X‐ray radiation qualities, Q, from 25 to 300 kVp (CCRI 25–250 kV and ISO 4037 N‐series), and in terms of absorbed dose to water, Dw, in a Co‐60 beam, Q0.The mean absorbed dose to the ISDs, relative to Kair and Dw, were obtained with the MC code TOPAS (Geant4) using X‐ray spectra obtained with SpekPy software and laboratory filtration data and a generic Co‐60 source.The intrinsic energy dependence was determined as a function of effective photon energy, , (relative to Co‐60).The angular dependence of the ISD signal was measured in a 25 kVp (0.20 mm Al HVL) and 135 kVp beam (0.48 mm Cu HVL), by rotating the ISDs 180° around the fiber's longitudinal axis (perpendicular to the beam). A full 360° was not performed due to setup limitations. The impact of detector design was quantified with MC simulation.ResultsAbove 30 keV the intrinsic energy dependence varied with less than 5 ± 4% from unity for all detectors (with the uncertainty expressed as the mean of all expanded measurement uncertainties for individual above 30 keV, k = 2). Below 30 keV, it decreased with up to 17% and inter‐detector variations of 13% were observed, likely due to differences in detector geometry not captured by the simulations using nominal geometry. In the 25 kVp radiation quality, the ISD signal varied with 24% over a ∼45° rotation. For 135 kVp, the corresponding variation was below 3%. Assuming a 0.05 mm thicker layer of reflective paint around the sensitive volume changed the absorbed dose with 6.3% at the lowest , and with less than 2% at higher energies.ConclusionThe study suggests that the ISDs have an intrinsic energy dependence relative to Co‐60 lower than 5 ± 4% in radiation qualities with > 30 keV. Therefore, they could in principle be calibrated in a Co‐60 beam quality and transferred to such radiation qualities with correction factors determined only by the absorbed dose energy dependence obtained from MC simulations. This encourages exploration of the ISDs’ applications in intensity modulated BT with Yb‐169 or other novel intermediate energy isotopes.

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Comparison of the air kerma standards of the IAEA and the BIPM in mammography x-rays

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Comparison of air kerma area product and air kerma meter calibrations for X-ray radiation qualities used in diagnostic radiology

Comparison of air kerma area product and air kerma meter calibrations for X-ray radiation qualities used in diagnostic radiology

Technical note: SpekPy Web—online x‐ray spectrum calculations using an interface to the SpekPy toolkit

Determination of intrinsic energy dependence of point‐like inorganic scintillation detector in brachytherapy

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