Comparison of tetrahydrofuran, fetal calf serum, and Tween 40 for the delivery of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin to HepG2 cells

Boesch-Saadatmandi, Christine; Rimbach, Gerald; Jungblut, Alexander; Frank, Jan

doi:10.1007/s10616-010-9324-7

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We first tried to deliver xanthophylls with the detergent Tween 40 [ 50 ]. We found that a higher concentration of Tween 40 (0.1%) led to HEK293F cell apoptosis as was previously described for HepG2 cells [ 51 ], while a lower concentration (0.01%) eluted mBCO2 from membranes during the Acyl-RAC assay even without hydroxylamine treatment (data not shown). Therefore, we established a new method to deliver xanthophylls without detergents using unilamellar LUVs as described above.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Xanthophylls Modulate Palmitoylation of Mammalian β-Carotene Oxygenase 2

et al. 2021

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An extensive body of work has documented the antioxidant role of xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin) in human health and specifically how they provide photoprotection in human vision. More recently, evidence is emerging for the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant response by lutein/lutein cleavage products, similar to the role of β-carotene cleavage products in the modulation of retinoic acid receptors. Supplementation with xanthophylls also provides additional benefits for the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and attenuation of Alzheimer’s disease symptoms. Mammalian β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) asymmetrically cleaves xanthophylls as well as β-carotene in vitro. We recently demonstrated that mouse BCO2 (mBCO2) is a functionally palmitoylated enzyme and that it loses palmitoylation when cells are treated with β-carotene. The mouse enzyme is the easiest model to study mammalian BCO2 because it has only one isoform, unlike human BCO2 with several major isoforms with various properties. Here, we used the same acyl-RAC methodology and confocal microscopy to elucidate palmitoylation and localization status of mBCO2 in the presence of xanthophylls. We created large unilamellar vesicle-based nanocarriers for the successful delivery of xanthophylls into cells. We demonstrate here that, upon treatment with low micromolar concentration of lutein (0.15 µM), mBCO2 is depalmitoylated and shows partial nuclear localization (38.00 ± 0.04%), while treatment with zeaxanthin (0.45 µM) and violaxanthin (0.6 µM) induces depalmitoylation and protein translocation from mitochondria to a lesser degree (20.00 ± 0.01% and 35.00 ± 0.02%, respectively). Such a difference in the behavior of mBCO2 toward various xanthophylls and its translocation into the nucleus in the presence of various xanthophylls suggests a possible mechanism for transport of lutein/lutein cleavage products to the nucleus to affect transcriptional regulation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Xanthophylls Modulate Palmitoylation of Mammalian β-Carotene Oxygenase 2

et al. 2021

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“…Even though THF is a toxic compound, THF (0.1%) did not decrease the cell viability of prostate cancer cell line DU145 and SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma cell line SY5Y [73,74]. In addition, THF, up to the maximum concentration of 1.25% in the cell culture medium, did not affect the viability of the gastric cancer cell line HepG2 [75]. Therefore, 0.01% THF, used as control in the present study, may not affect cell viability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Lycopene Inhibits IL-6 Expression by Upregulating NQO1 and HO-1 via Activation of Nrf2 in Ethanol/Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Pancreatic Acinar Cells

2022

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In alcoholic pancreatitis, alcohol increases gut permeability, which increases the penetration of endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS act as clinically significant triggers to increase pancreatic damage in alcoholic pancreatitis. Ethanol or LPS treatment increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in pancreatic acinar cells. ROS induce inflammatory cytokine production in pancreatic acinar cells, leading to pancreatic inflammation. The nuclear erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is activated as a cytoprotective response to oxidative stress, and induces the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Lycopene exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various cells. We previously showed that lycopene inhibits NADPH oxidase to reduce ROS and IL-6 levels, and zymogene activation in ethanol or palmitoleic acid-treated pancreatic acinar cells. In this study, we examined whether lycopene inhibits IL-6 expression by activating the Nrf2/NQO1-HO-1 pathway, and reducing intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels, in ethanol and LPS-treated pancreatic AR42J cells. Lycopene increased the phosphorylated and nuclear-translocated Nrf2 levels by decreasing the amount of Nrf2 sequestered in the cytoplasm via a complex formation with Kelch-like ECH1-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Using exogenous inhibitors targeting Nrf2 and HO-1, we showed that the upregulation of activated Nrf2 and HO-1 results in lycopene-induced suppression of IL-6 expression and ROS production. The consumption of lycopene-rich foods may prevent the development of ethanol and LPS-associated pancreatic inflammation by activating Nrf2-mediated expression of NQO1 and HO-1, thereby decreasing ROS-mediated IL-6 expression in pancreatic acinar cells.

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“…For our cell studies, astaxanthin was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF). We used THF since it has been previously shown by our group to be non-cytotoxic to HepG2 cells [ 31 ]. Furthermore, astaxanthin dissolved in THF exhibits an appropriate stability in the cell culture medium [ 31 ] and is effectively taken up by HepG2 and HT29 cultured cells [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Radical Scavenging and Cellular Antioxidant Properties of Astaxanthin

Dose

Matsugo

Yokokawa

et al. 2016

IJMS

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144

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Astaxanthin is a coloring agent which is used as a feed additive in aquaculture nutrition. Recently, potential health benefits of astaxanthin have been discussed which may be partly related to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. Our electron spin resonance (ESR) and spin trapping data suggest that synthetic astaxanthin is a potent free radical scavenger in terms of diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and galvinoxyl free radicals. Furthermore, astaxanthin dose-dependently quenched singlet oxygen as determined by photon counting. In addition to free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching properties, astaxanthin induced the antioxidant enzyme paroxoanase-1, enhanced glutathione concentrations and prevented lipid peroxidation in cultured hepatocytes. Present results suggest that, beyond its coloring properties, synthetic astaxanthin exhibits free radical scavenging, singlet oxygen quenching, and antioxidant activities which could probably positively affect animal and human health.

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Comparison of tetrahydrofuran, fetal calf serum, and Tween 40 for the delivery of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin to HepG2 cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Xanthophylls Modulate Palmitoylation of Mammalian β-Carotene Oxygenase 2

Xanthophylls Modulate Palmitoylation of Mammalian β-Carotene Oxygenase 2

Lycopene Inhibits IL-6 Expression by Upregulating NQO1 and HO-1 via Activation of Nrf2 in Ethanol/Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Pancreatic Acinar Cells

Free Radical Scavenging and Cellular Antioxidant Properties of Astaxanthin

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