Comparison of terahertz technologies for detection and identification of explosives

Beigang, R.; Biedron, Sandra; Dyjak, Sławomir; Ellrich, Frank; Haakestad, Magnus W.; Hübsch, Daniel; Kartaloğlu, Tolga; Özbay, Ekmel; Ospald, F.; Pałka, Norbert; Puc, Uroš; Czerwińska, Elżbieta; Sahin, A.B.; Sešek, Aleksander; Trontelj, Janez; Švigelj, Andrej; Altan, Hakan; Rheenen, Arthur D. van; Walczakowski, Michał

doi:10.1117/12.2050367

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…In (d) the spectral dynamics of the noise signal Ref_LayersLD calculated at the same frequency ν=1.25 THz is depictedfor comparison. One can observe a significant increase in maximum spectral intensity (approximately twice in comparison with (d)) in the time intervals t= [5,15] ps (a) and [30,40] ps (b) in comparison with spectral line dynamics of the noise signal Ref_LayersLD (c). Therefore, the analysis of correlation and likeness coefficients as well as spectral line dynamics allows unambiguous localization of useful signal MA in the MA1 and MA2 noisy THz signals.…”

Section: Localization Of the Useful Signal In The Noisy Thz Signalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In order to do this, we move the standard signal MA (only the main pulse) along the noisy signals MA1, MA2 and calculate the correlation One can see in Fig. 6 that maximum values of correlation and likeness coefficients are achieved at the time intervals t= [5,15] ps (a), (b) and [30,40] ps (c), (d).…”

Section: Localization Of the Useful Signal In The Noisy Thz Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…THz spectroscopy and imaging were actively used for this purpose during the past twenty years in the wide area of security applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. At the same time, this technique starts to be widely used for the non-destructive testing, for quality inspection of pharmaceuticals and food products as well as for medical applications [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High effective THz-TDS method for the detection and identification of substances in real conditions

et al. 2016

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Low efficiency of the standard THz-TDS method for the detection and identification of substances is demonstrated. For this purpose, we use a few examples. In the first example, we model the noisy THz signals transmitted through the amphetamine-type stimulant in real conditions. Namely, with a temperature 18° C, the relative humidity of about 50 % and the distance between the parabolic mirror and the object about of 3.5 meters. We show that the standard THz-TDS method reveals the spectral features of many neutral substances and explosives in the noisy THz signals from the illicit stimulant MA, at the same time this method is not able to detect the presence of this stimulant in the noisy signals. The second example is the detection and identification of plastids with inhomogeneous surface in reflection mode. We show that inhomogeneous surface distorts spectral characteristics of the reflected THz signal main pulse, which cannot be used for the detection and identification of the plastids by means of the THz TDS method. In the last example we show that even under laboratory conditions (at short distance from the receiver), THz TDS detects in the semiconductors the absorption frequencies, which belong to both hazardous and neutral substances. To overcome this disadvantage, we propose to use the time-dependent spectrum of the THz pulse, transmitted through or reflected from a substance. For quality assessment of the presence of the standard substance absorption frequency in the signal under analysis, we use time-dependent integral correlation criteria. The influence of aperture placed in front of the sample on spectral properties of silicon wafers with different resistivity is demonstrated as well.Keywords: reflected and transmitted THz pulse, noisy THz pulse, method of spectral dynamics analysis, integral correlation criteria, identification of explosives and drugs. *vatro@cs.msu.ru; phone 7 495 939-5255; fax 7 495 939-2597

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Section: Localization Of the Useful Signal In The Noisy Thz Signalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Localization Of the Useful Signal In The Noisy Thz Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High effective THz-TDS method for the detection and identification of substances in real conditions

et al. 2016

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“…One area where tools of such remote identification are of great interest is security since potentially this provides means for in-field detection of limited-circulation substances in luggage and concealed under clothes [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The reasoning behind this is that many hazardous substances have characteristic spectral fingerprints in a THz frequency range [10,11] while common materials (with the exception of water) have significantly simpler spectral features in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz TDS of substance covered by disordered structure

2016

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Computer simulation of a few-cycle pulse interaction with a substance covered by disordered structure is performed in order to study the effects imposed on spectra of transmitted and reflected pulses by presence of the cover. The substance is described by semi-classic approach and the cover is described by classic electrodynamics equations for linear isotropic medium. The cover consists of a number of layers with different properties which is considered to be the cause of the distortions. The influence of relation between pulse wavelength and cover layer thickness is illustrated. Computer simulation results are compared with those of physical experiments conducted for paper and other common materials.

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“…For bulk detection, ideally materials would be detected and identified prior to use in terrorist activities. Towards this end, traditional bulk detection has been achieved via X-ray based instrumentation 43 , trained animals 45 , ion mobility spectroscopy [46][47][48][49] , terahertz spectroscopy, chemical sensors 50 and optical sensors. Typically at checkpoints, materials (less than bulk quantity) are tested for and collected via swabbing or vapor accumulation techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible SERS-based substrates: challenges and opportunities toward an Army relevant universal sensing platform

2015

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Generally the fabrication, assembly and evaluation of plasmonic nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates has focused on static rigid substrates such as glass and silicon. However, these static substrates severely limit the application of plasmonic nanostructures as (i) they provide no means to alter the state of assembly of the nanostructures once they are formed or anchored on the surface i.e., not reconfigurable; and (ii) preclude applications which demand non-planar, flexible or conformal surfaces. The above considerations has led to the development of a novel class of SERS substrates based on flexible substrates such paper, polymer membranes and electrospun fibers. These flexible SERS media based on unconventional substrates such as paper offer distinct advantages compared to the conventional SERS substrates in that (i) flexible nature of the substrate enables conformal contact with the surfaces under investigation leading to efficient sample collection; (ii) porous nature of the SERS substrate (interstices between the fibers) provides efficient access to the analytes; (iii) high surface area of the 3D paper substrate results in large dynamic range of the chemical sensors; (iv) intricate network of fibers decorated with metal nanoparticles can provide potentially high density of electromagnetic hotspots; (v) intense light scattering caused by the fibrous structure of the substrate (e.g., paper) enables efficient light-metal interaction; and (vi) facile fabrication leads to efficient, robust, reliable, reusable and cost-effective SERS substrates. In this presentation, we will focus on the Army need for a more flexible (substrate surface and application) SERS substrate for universal sensing. This presentation will leverage from material presented at a flexible SERS (May 2014) workshop hosted by Dr. Srikanth Singamaneni at Washington University.

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Comparison of terahertz technologies for detection and identification of explosives

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

High effective THz-TDS method for the detection and identification of substances in real conditions

High effective THz-TDS method for the detection and identification of substances in real conditions

THz TDS of substance covered by disordered structure

Flexible SERS-based substrates: challenges and opportunities toward an Army relevant universal sensing platform

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