Comparison of techniques for extracting volatile compounds from conifer needles

Abstract

Five extraction techniques were used to obtain quantitative measurements of monoterpenes from blue spruce and grand fir needles. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference in the amount of each monoterpene extracted by using different techniques. For both species, an 8-hr steam distillation of 10 g of material yielded the greatest amount of each monoterpene. This technique was also the most reproducible in that the coefficients of variation were lowest. A rapid steam distillation was relatively effective for grand fir, but not for blue spruce. A CO2 extraction was unreliable for both species.

A preconcentrator coupled to a GC/FTMS: Advantages of self-chemical ionization, mass measurement accuracy, and high mass resolving power for GC applications

“…Solvent extraction analysis results [22,25,26,30,31] may not reflect the actual quantitative or qualitative composition of the VOCs emitted into the gas-phase. Consequently, direct gas-phase sampling methods such as PC/GC/FT-ICR MS are preferable.…”

Extraction Method for the Isolation of Terpenes from Plant Tissue and Subsequent Determination by Gas Chromatography

“…The most widely used method of sample preparation for the isolation of volatile terpenes from plant tissues is steam distillation (2,5). Muzika et al (5) compared five techniques for the extraction of volatile compounds from conifer needles, including steam distillation, supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide, and solvent extrac-tion with hexane.…”

Effects of storage and extraction procedures on yields of lipophilic metabolites from the brown seaweeds Dictyota ciliolata and D. menstrualis

“…Previous studies documented the ecological roles played by these compounds but relatively few have investigated, in a rigorous manner, how compounds varied qualitatively and quantitatively among plant portions, individuals, locations, seasons, etc. (for exceptions see Ragan & biochemical activity (de Scisciolo et al 1990, Goodrich et al 1990, Kleiner 1991, heat (Cork & Krockenberger 1991, Newman et al 1992, light (Cork & Krockenberger 1991), vacuum (Hay et al 1988b), extraction solvent (Hagerman 1988, Carlson et al 1989, Muzika et al 1990, Cork gi Krockenberger 1991), drying procedure (Lindroth & Pajutee 1987, Hagerman 1988, Cork & Krockenberger 1991, and duration of extraction (Lindroth & Pajutee 1987, Zobel & Brown 1988. Enzymatic conversion of secondary metabolites can rapidly alter less active precursors to more potent deterrents (reviewed by Duffey & Felton 1989), having important ecological implications as in the case of activation of chemical defenses (Newman et al 1992, Paul & Van Alstyne 1992.…”