Comparison of symptom-based versus self-reported diagnostic measures of anxiety and depression disorders in the GLAD and COPING cohorts

Davies, Molly R.; Buckman, Joshua E J; Adey, Brett N.; Armour, Chérie; Bradley, John R.; Curzons, Susannah C.B.; Davies, Helena L.; Davis, Katrina; Goldsmith, Kimberley; Hirsch, Colette R.; Hotopf, Matthew; Hübel, Christopher; Jones, Ian; Kalsi, Gursharan; Krebs, Georgina; Yu, Lin; Marsh, Ian; McAtarsney-Kovacs, Monika; McIntosh, Andrew M.; Mundy, Jessica; Monssen, Dina; Peel, Alicia J.; Rogers, H. J.; Skelton, Megan; Smith, Daniel J.; Kuile, Abigail ter; Thompson, Katherine N.; Veale, David; Walters, James; Zahn, Roland; Breen, Gerome; Eley, Thalia C.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102491

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…It is worth mentioning that the diagnostic methods for anxiety and cognitive dysfunction are complex. In humans, the gold standard of anxiety disorder diagnosis is a clinical interview by a specialist ( 82 ), while mild cognitive impairment is normally assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination ( 83 ). To date, there is a paucity of data showing that self-reported or symptom-based questionnaires could replace the gold standard ( 82 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, the gold standard of anxiety disorder diagnosis is a clinical interview by a specialist ( 82 ), while mild cognitive impairment is normally assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination ( 83 ). To date, there is a paucity of data showing that self-reported or symptom-based questionnaires could replace the gold standard ( 82 ). In dogs, diagnoses of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors and cognitive dysfunction are as complicated as in humans and the gold standards have not been established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of phenobarbital treatment on behavioral comorbidities and on the composition and function of the fecal microbiome in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy

et al. 2022

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Phenobarbital (PB) is one of the most important antiseizure drugs (ASDs) to treat canine idiopathic epilepsy (IE). The effect of PB on the taxonomic changes in gastrointestinal microbiota (GIM) and their functions is less known, which may explain parts of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, especially its antiseizure effect and drug responsiveness or drug resistance as well as its effect on behavioral comorbidities. Fecal samples of 12 dogs with IE were collected prior to the initiation of PB treatment and 90 days after oral PB treatment. The fecal samples were analyzed using shallow DNA shotgun sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based dysbiosis index (DI), and quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Behavioral comorbidities were evaluated using standardized online questionnaires, namely, a canine behavioral assessment and research questionnaire (cBARQ), canine cognitive dysfunction rating scale (CCDR), and an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) questionnaire. The results revealed no significant changes in alpha and beta diversity or in the DI, whereas only the abundance of Clostridiales was significantly decreased after PB treatment. Fecal SCFA measurement showed a significant increase in total fecal SCFA concentration and the concentrations of propionate and butyrate, while acetate concentrations revealed an upward trend after 90 days of treatment. In addition, the PB-Responder (PB-R) group had significantly higher butyrate levels compared to the PB-Non-Responder (PB-NR) group. Metagenomics of functional pathway genes demonstrated a significant increase in genes in trehalose biosynthesis, ribosomal synthesis, and gluconeogenesis, but a decrease in V-ATPase-related oxidative phosphorylation. For behavioral assessment, cBARQ analysis showed improvement in stranger-directed fear, non-social fear, and trainability, while there were no differences in ADHD-like behavior and canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) scores after 90 days of PB treatment. While only very minor shifts in bacterial taxonomy were detected, the higher SCFA concentrations after PB treatment could be one of the key differences between PB-R and PB-NR. These results suggest functional changes in GIM in canine IE treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of phenobarbital treatment on behavioral comorbidities and on the composition and function of the fecal microbiome in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy

et al. 2022

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“…Secondly, the psychiatric diagnosis of the study participants was self-reported and not based on medical records. However, previous studies have found self-reporting psychiatric diagnosis to have high accuracy [ 54 ], with under-reporting being much more frequent than over-reporting [ 55 , 56 ]. As a result, a self-report of suffering from psychiatric disease is likely true in this study, but with some false reports among the psychiatrically healthy group [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Benefits from Fermented Food Consumption? A Comparative Analysis between Psychiatrically Ill and Psychiatrically Healthy Medical Students

Karbownik

Mokros

Kowalczyk

2022

IJERPH

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Probiotic therapies and fermented food diets hold promise for improving mental health. Although in this regard psychiatric patients appear to benefit more than healthy individuals, no research has been performed to directly evaluate this hypothesis. The present study examined a cohort of medical students facing a stressful event, and some of the students reported suffering from chronic psychiatric diseases. The amount of fermented food consumption was calculated with the use of seven-day dietary records, while depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with the use of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. In psychiatrically healthy medical students under psychological stress (n = 372), higher fermented food consumption was associated with more depressive and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, psychiatrically ill medical students (n = 25, 6.3% of all the participants) were found to present a negative association between the amount of fermented food consumed and the severity of depressive symptoms (adjusted β −0.52, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.19, p = 0.0042); however, this relationship was insignificant for anxiety symptoms (adjusted β −0.22, 95% CI −0.59 to 0.15, p = 0.22). A significant interaction was found between the consumption of fermented food and psychiatric diagnosis in predicting depressive symptoms (p = 0.0001), and a borderline significant interaction for anxiety symptoms (p = 0.053). In conclusion, psychiatrically ill people, but not healthy ones, may benefit from fermented food consumption in terms of alleviation of depressive symptoms. Our findings require cautious interpretation and further investigation.

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“…Participants first completed a baseline survey and then follow-up surveys, initially every two weeks but then monthly from August 2020. Details are described elsewhere 38 . Our study includes all COPING study data collected between April 2020 and July 2021.…”

Section: Methods 21 Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and protective factors for new onset binge eating, low weight, and self-harm symptoms in over 25,000 individuals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic

Davies¹,

Hübel²,

Herle³

et al. 2022

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Objective: The disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with poor mental health, including increases in eating disorder and self-harm symptoms. We investigated risk and protective factors for new onset of these symptoms during the pandemic. Method: Data were from the COVID-19 Psychiatry and Neurological Genetics study and the Repeated Assessment of Mental health in Pandemics Study (n = 45,058). Exposures were socio-demographic characteristics, lifetime psychiatric disorder, and COVID-related variables, including SARS-CoV-2 infection/illness with COVID-19. We identified four sub-samples of participants without pre-pandemic experience of our outcomes: binge eating (n = 18,172), low weight (n = 19,148), suicidal and/or self-harm ideation (n = 12,650), and self-harm (n = 20,266). Participants reported on our outcomes at frequent intervals (fortnightly to monthly). We fitted four logistic regression models to identify factors associated with new onset of our outcomes. Results: Within each subsample, new onset was reported by: 16.9% for binge eating, 8.9% for low weight, 26.6% for suicidal and/or self-harm ideation, and 3.3.% for self-harm. Shared risk factors included having a lifetime psychiatric disorder, not being in paid employment, and higher pandemic worry scores. Conversely, infection with SARS-CoV-2/illness with COVID-19 was linked to lower odds of all outcomes. Other factors were associated with one outcome, such as pandemic-related loneliness with suicidal and/or self-harm ideation. Discussion: Overall, we detected shared risk factors that may drive the comorbidity between eating disorders and self-harm. Subgroups of individuals with these risk factors may require more frequent monitoring during future pandemics.

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Comparison of symptom-based versus self-reported diagnostic measures of anxiety and depression disorders in the GLAD and COPING cohorts

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

The effect of phenobarbital treatment on behavioral comorbidities and on the composition and function of the fecal microbiome in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy

The effect of phenobarbital treatment on behavioral comorbidities and on the composition and function of the fecal microbiome in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy

Who Benefits from Fermented Food Consumption? A Comparative Analysis between Psychiatrically Ill and Psychiatrically Healthy Medical Students

Risk and protective factors for new onset binge eating, low weight, and self-harm symptoms in over 25,000 individuals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic

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