Comparison of Surface Solar Irradiance from Ground Observations and Satellite Data (1990–2016) over a Complex Orography Region (Piedmont—Northwest Italy)

Abstract

Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM SAF) surface solar irradiance (SSI) products were compared with ground-based observations over the Piedmont region (north-western Italy) for the period 1990–2016. These products were SARAH-2.1 (Surface Solar Radiation DataSet—Heliosat version 2.1) and CLARA-A2 (Cloud, Albedo and Surface Radiation dataset version A2). The aim was to contribute to the discussion on the representativeness of satellite SSI data including a focus on high-elevation areas. The comparison between SSI averages shows that for low OCI (orographic complexity index) stations, satellite series have higher values than corresponding ground-based observations, whereas for high OCI stations, SSI values for satellite records are mainly lower than for ground stations. The comparison between SSI anomalies highlights that satellite records have an excellent performance in capturing SSI day-to-day variability of ground-based low OCI stations. In contrast, for high OCI stations, the agreement is much lower, due to the higher uncertainty in both satellite and ground-based records. Finally, if the temporal trends are considered, average low-elevation ground-based SSI observations show a positive trend, whereas satellite records do not highlight significant trends. Focusing on high-elevation stations, the observed trends for ground-based and satellite records are more similar with the only exception of summer. This divergence seems to be due to the relevant role of atmospheric aerosols on SSI trends.

Characterisation and Field Test of a Simple AvaSpec Array Spectroradiometer for Solar Irradiance Measurements at an Alpine Site

“…This impacts renewable energy production [33], hydropower through accelerated meltwater from seasonal snow [34], radiative balance both at the surface [35] and along the vertical profile [36] and the enhanced effects on humans and ecosystems [37,38]. Hence, solar radiation is an important variable to be monitored in the fragile mountain environment, notably in the context of a changing climate [39][40][41][42], and for public health purposes. Finally, space-based estimates of solar radiation are challenging over complex orography [43][44][45] and measurements over mountainous areas are essential for providing ground truth data.…”