Comparison of summer raindrop size distribution characteristics in the western and central Tianshan Mountains of China

Jiang, Yufei; Yang, Liheng; Zeng, Yong; Tong, Zepeng; Li, Jiangang; Liu, Fan; Zhang, Jinru; Liu, Jin

doi:10.1002/met.2067

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…where E is the evaporation intensity (water mass in unit time) under a specific environment (temperature, relative humidity and raindrop diameter) using a bilinear interpolation [19,47], H is the cloud base height derived from temperature and relative humidity [26], and v is the terminal velocity (distance in unit time) of a falling raindrop derived from raindrop radius and cloud base height [48]. The estimated terminal velocities in this study range between 2.6 m/s and 7.5 m/s for precipitation hours with a temperature higher than 0 • C, and the arithmetic mean is 3.6 m/s, which is consistent with some recent measurements in northwest China [44,45].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A recent assessment of raindrop size distribution in 2326 Chinese meteorological stations [43] showed a nationwide mass-weighted mean diameter of 1.01 ± 0.3 mm from May to August, and the diameter along the southern slope of the Altai Mountains was between 0.9 mm and 1.0 mm, which is consistent with our estimations based on hourly precipitation in this study. In addition, this estimation is consistent with some short-term in situ observations in arid northwest China [44][45][46]. The evaporated mass is calculated as…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Diurnal Impact of Below-Cloud Evaporation on Isotope Compositions of Precipitation on the Southern Slope of the Altai Mountains, Central Asia

et al. 2022

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Precipitation is an important natural resource relating to regional sustainability in arid central Asia, and the stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes provide useful tracers to understand precipitation processes. In this study, we collected the hourly meteorological data at several stations on the southern slope of the Altai Mountains in arid central Asia, from March 2017 to June 2022, and examined the diurnal impact of below-cloud evaporation on stable isotope compositions of precipitation. During nighttime, the changes in isotope compositions below cloud base are generally weak. The enhanced impact of below-cloud evaporation can be found after around 15:00, and the impact is relatively strong in the afternoon, especially from 18:00 to 22:00. Summer and spring usually have a larger impact of below-cloud evaporation than autumn, and the winter precipitation is generally not influenced by below-cloud evaporation. On an annual basis, the differences in evaporation-led isotope changes between daytime and nighttime are 1.1‰ for stable oxygen isotope compositions, 4.0‰ for stable hydrogen isotope compositions and 4.7‰ for deuterium excess. The period from 2:00 to 10:00 shows relatively low sensitivity to relative humidity, and from 14:00 to 22:00 the impacts are sensitive. Considering the fluctuations of precipitation isotope compositions, the impact of below-cloud evaporation does not greatly modify the seasonal environmental signals.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

Diurnal Impact of Below-Cloud Evaporation on Isotope Compositions of Precipitation on the Southern Slope of the Altai Mountains, Central Asia

et al. 2022

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“…Wykres punktowy wszystkich danych Z-R; zależność Z-R opracowana dla wszystkich danych jest oznaczona czerwoną linią ciągłą; zamieszczone dla odniesienia, linie zielona i czarna to zależności opracowane w innych badaniach Scatter plot of all Z-R data, with the Z-R relationship derived for all data using the unbroken red line. The green and black lines are relationships developed in other studies, included here for reference a relacja ta zależy od wielu czynników, takich jak położenie geograficzne i typy opadów (Jiang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Wyniki I Dyskusjaunclassified

“…Występujące niewielkie różnice mogą wynikać z dominacji w zbiorze pomiarowym opadów typu deszczowego. W adekwatnych badaniach, które przeprowadzili Licznar i Krajewski ( 2016 W niektórych krajach radary meteorologiczne korzystają z klasycznej zależności dla opadów deszczu konwekcyjnego Z = 300R 1,4 (Delrieu et al, 2014;Amengual, 2022;Jiang et al, 2022), zaproponowanej przez Huntera (1996. Trochę inną postać tej funkcji potęgowej podał Jakubiak et al (2014, za Josse i Waldvogel, 1970, Z = 300R 1,5 .…”

Section: Wyniki I Dyskusjaunclassified

Zależności Z-R dla różnych typów opadów jako narzędzie do radarowego szacowania wielkości opadów = The Z-R relationships for different types of precipitation as a tool for radar-based precipitation estimation

Barszcz,

Stańczyk,

Brandyk

2023

Prz. Geogr.

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An alternative to the use of rain gauges as sources of precipitation data is provided by laser disdrometers, which inter alia allow for high-temporal-resolution measurement of the reflectivity (Z) and intensity (R) of precipitation. In the study detailed here, an OTT Parsivel1 laser disdrometer located at the Meteorological Station of Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) generated the 95,459 Z-R data pairs recorded across 1-min time intervals that were subject to further study. Included values for the reflectivity and instantaneous intensity of precipitation were found to be in the respective ranges of -9.998‑67.898 dBZ and 0.004‑153.519 mm h−1 (given that values for precipitation intensity below 0.004 mm h−1 were excluded from further consideration). The material obtained covered the months from April to October in the years 2012‑2014 and 2019‑2020 (30 months in total), which were selected for the study due to the completeness of data. The measured reflectivity and intensity data for precipitation were used to establish the relationship pertaining between the two (by reference to descriptive parameters a and b), with such results considered to contribute to the improved calibration of meteorological radars, and hence to more-accurate radar-based estimates of amounts of precipitation. The Z-R relationship as determined for all measurement data offered a first step in the research process, whose core objective was nevertheless to determine separate Z-R relationships for datasets on rain, rain with snow (sleet), and snow (given that precipitation in the form of hail did not occur during the surveyed measurement periods). That said, it is important to note that only a few Polish studies have in any way involved disdrometer-based measurement of precipitation reflectivity and intensity, as well as the relationships between these aspects. In the event, the Z-R relationships obtained for the measurement sets were characterised by high values for coefficients of correlation (in the range 0.96‑0.97) and determination, as well as low values for the root mean-square error (ranging from 0.29 to 0.34). Statistics point to a good fit of the Z-R relationships (regression lines) to the specified datasets. Values noted for parameter a (the multiplier in the power-type Z-R relationship) were seen to differ significantly in relation to rain, rain with snow, and snow, being of 285.56, 76.07 and 914.74 respectively. In contrast, values noted for parameter b (the exponent) varied only across the narrow range of 1.47‑1.62. The obtained research results for parameter a indicate the need to consider Z-R relationships matched to specific types of precipitation in the data processing procedure of radar data. This could increase the accuracy of estimating precipitation amounts using radars belonging to the nationwide POLRAD system. The relationships Z = 285.56R1.47 for rainfall (as the dataset’s dominant type of precipitation), as well as Z = 293.76R1.46 for all data, proved highly similar to the classic relationship obtained for convective rainfall by Hunter (1996), as given by Z = 300R1.4. On the other hand, the values of the a parameter in the Z-R relationships fond for the two datasets proved to be much larger than those in the model developed by Marshall and Palmer (1948), which took the form Z = 200R1,6 and has been the relationship used in Poland as radar images are created.

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“…Because of its special geographical location, precipitation in the Ili River Valley presents remarkable diurnal variation. Although microphysical properties of precipitation have been studied in this area, researches about the diurnal variation of RSD are still scarce [42][43][44]. In this paper, the continuous Parsivel 2 disdrometer measurements from 2020 to 2021 in Zhaosu are used to conduct a comprehensive study on the diurnal variation of RSD and rainfall integral parameters in the Ili River Valley during rainy seasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Variation Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution Observed by a Parsivel2 Disdrometer in the Ili River Valley

Jiang,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Advances in Meteorology

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The diurnal variation characteristics of raindrop size distribution (RSD) in the Ili River Valley are investigated in this study, using the RSD data from May to September during 2020-2021 collected by a Parsivel2 disdrometer in Zhaosu. Significant diurnal variations (02–07, 08–13, 14–19, and 20-01 local standard time (LST)) of precipitation and RSD in Zhaosu are revealed during the rainy seasons. Precipitation mainly occurs in the late afternoon and early evening. A higher concentration of small raindrops is observed in the morning, whereas more mid-size and large raindrops are observed in the afternoon. The RSD exhibits diurnal differences between different rainfall rate classes; the diurnal difference of RSD is more pronounced in the case of high rainfall rates. Stratiform precipitation can occur at any time of the day, yet convective precipitation mainly occurs during the late afternoon and early evening. The RSD of stratiform rainfall shows a similar distribution over the four time periods. For convective rainfall, the concentration of small raindrops is the highest (lowest) over 02–07 (14–19) LST, while the highest (lowest) concentration of medium and large drops is observed over 14–19 (02–07) LST. Convective rain in the Ili River Valley over 14–19 LST can be characterized as the continental convective cluster, while in the rest time of the day, it is neither in the maritime cluster nor in the continental cluster. The empirical relationships between the radar reflectivity factor and rainfall rate (Z-R) for stratiform and convective rain types are also derived. The purpose of this study is to advance our understanding of precipitation microphysics in arid mountainous region.

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Comparison of summer raindrop size distribution characteristics in the western and central Tianshan Mountains of China

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Diurnal Impact of Below-Cloud Evaporation on Isotope Compositions of Precipitation on the Southern Slope of the Altai Mountains, Central Asia

Diurnal Impact of Below-Cloud Evaporation on Isotope Compositions of Precipitation on the Southern Slope of the Altai Mountains, Central Asia

Zależności Z-R dla różnych typów opadów jako narzędzie do radarowego szacowania wielkości opadów = The Z-R relationships for different types of precipitation as a tool for radar-based precipitation estimation

Diurnal Variation Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution Observed by a Parsivel2 Disdrometer in the Ili River Valley

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