Comparison of square law, linear and bessel detectors for CA and OS CFAR algorithms

Melebari, Asem; Mishra, Amit Kumar; Gaffar, Mohammed Yunus Abdul

doi:10.1109/radarconf.2015.7411913

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Given that a square law detector demonstrates suitability in conditions with interference according to Melebari et al in [97], we postulate a square law detector with an attenuation of interference utilizing a simple Butterworth filter, achieving 2 • (−20 dB dec −1 ). In equation ( 9), X Attn signifies the desired level of interference attenuation, while N f represents the order of the Butterworth filter.…”

Section: Probability Of Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Interference Performance of FMCW Radar Sensors in Dense Indoor Environments

Reitz,

Künzle,

Franchi

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications due to their low cost, simple signal processing, and high resolution. The research is driven by the growing trend of radar applications in industrial settings, including tasks like autonomous robot navigation, radar-based monitoring of humans, and enhancing safety across various scenarios, such as smart factories, traffic control, or environmental monitoring. The network of distributed sensor nodes is a feature to be implemented by the sixth generation of wireless mobile networks. As a result, 6G will become an enabler technology that will develop even further use cases and advance the expansion of these technologies. Therefore, the mutual interference of these sensor systems is becoming highly relevant since they can be avoided by scheduling the individual resources of the sensor nodes by a network structure. This paper investigates the interference behavior of FMCW radar sensors in a dense indoor scenario. In these environments, in particular, the reliability of the sensor system plays an important role, and disruption can have critical consequences like not recognizing a target, triggering a false alarm, or the complete failure of the sensing. To correctly classify the expected interference in the overall context, the paper investigates the physical layer effects on the performance, such as multipath propagation, channel spread, delay, Doppler shift, and attenuation. By evaluating these effects using state-of-the-art signal processing, it was revealed that a high channel spread in particular and the dynamics of the radar channel can significantly reduce the detection quality, as the interference power can exceed the received power by up to 20 dB, depending on the scenario. The simulation results given in this paper show that a potential communication between the radars and compliance with a synchronization delay, the interference problems can be reliably prevented with an appropriately designed anti-aliasing filter. Our simulations have quantified the detection performance under interference through the entire signal chain by evaluating the physical layer, the radar signal processing with non-idealities, and the hardware. The paper has investigated interference probability in indoor environments by examining radars with uncoordinated transmissions. Integrating findings from the physical propagation characteristics, the deviations in chirp durations, and the frequency of interference cases offers insights into the potential risk of interference.

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Section: Probability Of Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Interference Performance of FMCW Radar Sensors in Dense Indoor Environments

Reitz,

Künzle,

Franchi

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…FA − 1) using statistical properties of the probability density functions associated to the range cells after square law is applied [13], and the probability density function of the test cell y. Complete details for deriving the equation are available in [14].…”

Section: Constant False Alarm Rate (Cfar) Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Signal filtering and object extraction algorithms involve standard OS and CS CFAR implementations, each configured with two guarding cells and nc = 80 neighbor cells. For the OS-CFAR a scale factor of sc = 0.95 and an order k = 0.75 • nc are used [13,24]. The CA-CFAR is configured to use a dynamic scaling factor with a false-alarm probability P FA = 0.39 which yields a similar scaling probability, sc = 0.9528 (see Section 2.5.1).…”

Section: Software Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Automotive Radar Spoofing

Ordean¹,

Garcia²

2022

Preprint

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Millimeter-wave radar systems are one of the core components of the safety-critical Advanced Driver Assistant System (ADAS) of a modern vehicle. Due to their ability to operate efficiently despite bad weather conditions and poor visibility, they are often the only reliable sensor a car has to detect and evaluate potential dangers in the surrounding environment.In this paper, we propose several attacks against automotive radars for the purposes of assessing their reliability in realworld scenarios. Using COTS hardware, we are able to successfully interfere with automotive-grade FMCW radars operating in the commonly used 77GHz frequency band, deployed in real-world, truly wireless environments. Our strongest type of interference is able to trick the victim into detecting virtual (moving) objects. We also extend this attack with a novel method that leverages noise to remove real-world objects, thus complementing the aforementioned object spoofing attack. We evaluate the viability of our attacks in two ways. First, we establish a baseline by implementing and evaluating an unrealistically powerful adversary which requires synchronization to the victim in a limited setup that uses wire-based chirp synchronization. Later, we implement, for the first time, a truly wireless attack that evaluates a weaker but realistic adversary which is non-synchronized and does not require any adjustment feedback from the victim. Finally, we provide theoretical fundamentals for our findings, and discuss the efficiency of potential countermeasures against the proposed attacks. We plan to release our software as open-source.

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Comparison of CFAR Methods on Multiple Targets in Sea Clutter Using SPX-Radar-Simulator

Sahal

Said

Putra

et al. 2020

2020 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA)

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Comparison of square law, linear and bessel detectors for CA and OS CFAR algorithms

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of the Interference Performance of FMCW Radar Sensors in Dense Indoor Environments

Evaluation of the Interference Performance of FMCW Radar Sensors in Dense Indoor Environments

Millimeter-Wave Automotive Radar Spoofing

Comparison of CFAR Methods on Multiple Targets in Sea Clutter Using SPX-Radar-Simulator

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