Comparison of Spectroscopic Techniques for the Determination of Kjeldahl and Ammoniacal Nitrogen Content of Farmyard Manure

Abstract

The feasibility of determining the nitrogen content of farmyard manure using infrared spectroscopy was investigated. Fifteen samples each of cattle, pig, and turkey manure were analyzed by three infrared techniques: Fourier transform mid-infrared (MIR), using attenuated total reflection (ATR); near-infrared reflectance (NIR-R); and near-infrared optothermal photoacoustic (NIR-OT). The near-infrared measurements were made at wavelengths determined respectively by four (NIR-OT) and five (NIR-R) band-pass filters. The total nitrogen (using the Kjeldahl method) and volatile (ammoniacal) nitrogen contents of all samples were measured by wet chemistry. Internally cross-validated (ICV) partial least-squares (PLS) regression was then used to obtain calibrations for the nitrogen content. The data sets obtained by each technique were treated separately. Within these sets, data from each manure type were treated both separately and combined: the best predictive ability was obtained by combining data from all three manure types. From the combined data set, the residual standard deviations and correlation coefficients for the ICV-predicted versus actual Kjeldahl nitrogen content were, respectively, 6772 mg/kg dry wt, 0.862 (MIR); 9434 mg/kg dry wt, 0.771 (NIR-OT); and 8943 mg/kg dry wt, 0.865 (NIR-R). For the ammoniacal nitrogen content, the residual standard deviations and correlation coefficients were 3869 mg/kg dry wt, 0.899 (MIR); 6079 mg/kg dry wt, 0.820 (NIR-OT); and 3498 mg/kg dry wt, 0.961 (NIR-R).

Review of the Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technology to Determine the Chemical Composition of Animal Manure

“…For AN, most previous reports have indicated that the NIRS technique can provide good quantitative predictions ( r c 2 = 0.97, RPD = 5.76 [Malley et al, 2002]; r cv 2 = 0.69, RPD = 1.79 [Saeys et al, 2004]; r c 2 = 0.76, RPD = 2.06 [Saeys et al, 2005b]; r cv 2 = 0.67–0.71, RPD = 1.75–1.91 [Mouazen et al, 2005]; r cv 2 = 0.88–0.92, RPD = 3.75–6.23 [Ye et al, 2005]; RPD = 2.42 [Yang et al, 2006]; RPD = 3.80 [Sørensen et al, 2007]; and r v 2 = 0.88, RPD = 2.62 [Xing et al, 2008]). Kemsley et al (2001) compared three spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform mid‐infrared spectroscopy [FT‐MIR], NIR optothermal photoacoustic [NIR‐OT], and NIR reflectance [NIR‐R]) for the determination of AN in composted manure samples. Compared with NIR‐OT (coefficient of correlation in calibration [ r c ] = 0.82) and FT‐MIR ( r c = 0.90), NIR‐R had the best performance ( r c = 0.96).…”

Biological Stability of Carbon and Nitrogen in Organic Products and Crop Residues using Fourier-Transform Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

“…Suehara, Nakano, and Yano (2001) and Albrecht et al (2008) obtained r 2 values of 0.95-0.99 for total N and C fractions during the composting process of a predetermined combination of products. FT-NIR spectroscopy also appeared successful for total N in plant residues (Thuriès et al 2007), poultry manure (Reeves 2001), cattle, pig, and turkey manures (Kemsley et al 2001), swine and beef feedlot manures and poultry broiler litter (Millmier et al 2000;Ye et al 2005), and cattle manure (Malley et al 2005). Because the FT-NIR N predictions were less reliable in our study, the BSI/N and Downloaded by [Florida Atlantic University] at 18:10 20 November 2014 Table 3 Performance of FT-NIR calibrations for total C and N and biochemical fractions and the BSI using the partial least squares method and assessment from guidelines proposed by Malley et al (2004) Derivative LIC/N ratios were computed using BSI and LIC as determined by FT-NIR spectroscopy, and total N was quantified by Leco-CNS.…”

Simultaneous Determination of Total Nitrogen and Metal Elements in Tobaccos by High Performance Ion Chromatography

“…[1][2][3][4] Crop yield and chemical composition are known to be influenced by the uptake and translocation of nitrogen in plant. [5][6][7] Recently, with the analytical methods advances, almost all elements can be detected in plant.…”