Comparison of some commercial waxes by gas liquid chromatography

Tulloch, A. P.

doi:10.1007/bf02640842

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Docosyl hexadexacanoate 14.9 C [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Tetracosyl hexadexacanoate 10.8 C [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Hexacosyl hexadexacanoate 23.5 C [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Octacosyl hexadexacanoate 17.1 C [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Triacontyl hexadexacanoate 21.7 C [16][17]…”

Section: Identification Of Adulterantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of adulterants added to beeswax: Estimation of detectable minimum percentages

Jiménez

Bernal

Nozal

et al. 2009

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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The minimum percentages of adulteration of pure beeswax from Apis mellifera with three paraffins of different melting points and with cow tallow, stearic acid and carnauba wax that can be detected by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection were established. The concentrations of 93 endogenous beeswax compounds such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, olefins, acids, monoesters, alcohols and hydroxyacids were measured in relation to an internal standard (octadecyl octadecanoate) in mixtures of beeswax with the six adulterants; the variation of the concentrations of the compounds with the adulteration percentage was also studied. Percentages higher than 1-4% of each adulterant can be detected in the mixtures. The added adulterant can be identified by the non-endogenous beeswax compounds observed in the chromatogram; the changes in the concentrations of some beeswax compounds are also useful to corroborate the identification.

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Section: Identification Of Adulterantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of adulterants added to beeswax: Estimation of detectable minimum percentages

Jiménez

Bernal

Nozal

et al. 2009

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…The amount of each compound can be expressed in peak area, relative percentage (normalization method) or in weight percentage against an internal standard [1, [3][4][5][8][9][10][11]. With regard to this latter option, eicosane, methyl eicosanoate, octadecyl eicosanoate, p-dioctylbenzene and octadecyl octadecanoate have been used as a reference to determine the compound concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to this latter option, eicosane, methyl eicosanoate, octadecyl eicosanoate, p-dioctylbenzene and octadecyl octadecanoate have been used as a reference to determine the compound concentration. Each one of them has been used to quantify a specific family of compounds [5,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of beeswax adulterations using concentration guide‐values

Jiménez

Bernal

Nozal

et al. 2007

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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The concentrations of 102 chemical compounds (saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, palmitates, total and free acids, total hydroxyacids, total and free alcohols, acidic monoesters and monoesterified 1,2,3-propanetriols) have been determined by GC/FID on white and yellow comb beeswax of Apis mellifera from different regions of Spain. Guide-value ranges are proposed for its characterization and to discriminate adulterated foundation beeswax sheets. The concentrations of many compounds resulted to be statistically different for white and yellow beeswaxes, while the observation of concentrations out of normal in some marketed foundation beeswax sheets suggested their adulteration. However, the measurement of anomalous concentrations in foundation beeswax sheets did not imply necessarily their rejection by the bees.

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“…The knowledge of beeswax composition has always been bounded to the enhancement in the performance of the chromatographic columns and most of the published papers deal with packed columns for gas chromatography in combination with thin-layer chromatography techniques. The analysis of beeswax fractions obtained by column chromatography on alumina and silica is also usual [1,[4][5][6][7]. In the last years, beeswaxes from different bee species have been studied with high-temperature gas chromatography coupled to positive chemical ionization mass spectrometry by using a capillary chromatographic column developed specifically to this purpose [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%