Comparison of soil frost and thaw depths measured using frost tubes and other methods

Iwata, Yukiyoshi; Hirota, Tomoyoshi; Suzuki, Takeshi; Kuwao, Kazunobu

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2011.10.010

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The survival rate of potato tubers might also be determined by the pore space volume in the surface soil layer because the diffusivity of soil air, which controls the amount of fresh air supplied from atmosphere to soil, increases with its air phase ratio (Osozawa 1987). Nevertheless, no significant relationship was found between the survival rate and the porosity of the surface layer (A p or A layers) even when excluding the data from Shihoro in 2010-2011and Taiki in 2011-2012. The macro-porosity of the surface layer was not related to the survival rate either, despite the exclusion of those two values (R = 0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…A close relationship between k s_min and the survival rate except for the data of Shihoro in 2010-2011and Taiki in 2011-2012 (Fig. 3) implies that k s_min controlled the surface soil moisture condition and determined the survival rate in most of the study field.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) implies that k s_min controlled the surface soil moisture condition and determined the survival rate in most of the study field. In other words, the data for Shihoro in 2010-2011and Taiki in 2011-2012 (Fig. 3) imply that they might exist below the linear relation on the scatter diagram between the survival rate and k s_min when potato tubers are killed by cold temperatures in winter or poor drainage caused by factors that are unrelated to k s .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surface ponding was measured using a ruler. A frost tube (Iwata et al 2012) was installed in each field to monitor the frost depth manually once a week. The maximum snow cover thickness, maximum soil frost depth and minimum soil temperature at 0.1 m depth were calculated from these data.…”

Section: Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of saturated hydraulic conductivity on volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) tuber survival

Iwata

Hirota

Yazaki

et al. 2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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In situ observations were conducted at eight fields in the Tokachi region of the northernmost island of Japan to assess the effects of soil physical conditions on the survival of volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. Statistical analyses revealed a positive correlation between the survival rate and the lowest value of saturated hydraulic conductivity to a depth of 0.5 m, except for data from one field where potato tubers were killed by low temperatures below -3°C during winter and from another field with poor drainage despite high soil permeability to 0.5 m in depth. Incubation experiments indicated that potato tubers survived in saturated soil at 0 and 6°C, which respectively matched soil temperatures during the snowmelt period and 1 week thereafter. This result suggests that potato tubers can survive prolonged exposure to moist surface soil caused by large amounts of snowmelt water during the spring snowmelt period. The incubation experiment results also indicated that potato tubers were killed in saturated soil at 15°C. This temperature was almost equal to the average air temperature during the period when volunteer potato tubers were sprouting in the field. Therefore, this result implies that the potato tubers will be killed after a substantial amount of rainfall during the subsequent warm period at poorly drained fields.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of saturated hydraulic conductivity on volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) tuber survival

Iwata

Hirota

Yazaki

et al. 2014

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

Self Cite

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“…The typical frost gauge has a rigid outer tube, with a removable inner tube, installed vertically into the ground. As the inner tube is transparent and water filled, the freezing depth can be checked easily (Mackay, 1973a;Iwata et al, 2012). The thaw tube is able to measure vertical displacements annually and the accuracy is generally within 5% of the thaw depth in the ground (Mackay, 1973a;Nixon, 2000).…”

Section: Frost/thaw Tubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the uncertainty of areal mean surface elevation measured with a terrestrial laser scanner and with a total station in permafrost environments near Lac de Gras, NWT, Canada

Peart¹

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Quantifying topographic change in permafrost environments is important because it can provide insight about the loss of excess ice. Ground-based methods that detect change in surface elevation, however, are often applied at individual points rather than over an area, giving rise to questions about their representativeness.Remote sensing methods can overcome this problem, although confounding signals may arise from changing vegetation and microtopography. Comparing remotely sensed areal surface elevation or elevation change with ground-based observations also requires areal estimates rather than point measurements. This study examines the uncertainty of mean elevation measured with a terrestrial laser scanner and with a total station on 28 plots with different surface characteristics in a tundra environment. Observations from terrestrial laser scanning and surveying with a total station are analyzed statistically to reveal confidence intervals for the derived mean elevations. In the absence of a true reference elevation for the plots investigated, the difference between both mean elevations is quantified as well as the likelihood of representing the same surface. The results provide method specific detection limits for vertical movements of small plots (15 m × 15 m) with differing surface characteristics. The difference between means derived from both methods provides additional context about how well we can define what the surface is that we are observing. On average, terrestrial laser scanning can potentially detect vertical movements in the centimeter range (1.4-24.0 cm) and the total station method in the low decimeter range (3.5-47.1 cm). For all plots, the mean elevations derived from laser scanning and total station surveying are statistically different at the 95% confidence level. Strong differences between plots exist and are influenced by surface ii characteristics.iii

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Leaching and surface runoff after fall application of fungicides on putting greens

et al. 2021

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Many greenkeepers and authorities are concerned about the environmental risks resulting from pesticide use on golf courses. We studied leaching and surface runoff of fungicides and metabolites for two winter seasons after fall application of boscalid, pyraclostrobin, prothioconazole, trifloxystrobin, and fludioxonil in field lysimeters at NIBIO Landvik, Norway. The applications were made on creeping bentgrass greens (5% slope) that had been established from seed or sod (26-mm mat) on USGAspecification. root zones amended with Sphagnum peat or garden compost, both with 0.3-0.4% organic carbon in the root zone. The proportions of the winter precipitation recovered as surface and drainage water varied from 3 and 91% in 2016-2017 to 33 and 55% in 2017-2018 due to differences in soil freezing, rainfall intensity, and snow and ice cover. Detections of fungicides and their metabolites in drainage water were mostly within the environmental risk limits (ERLs) for aquatic organisms. In contrast, concentrations in surface runoff exceeded ERLs by up to 1,000 times. Greens established from sod usually had higher fungicide losses in surface runoff but lower losses in drainage water than greens established from seed. Presumably because of higher microbial activity and a higher pH that made prothioconazole-desthio more polar, fungicide and metabolite losses in drainage water were usually higher from greens containing compost that from greens containing peat. Leaching of fungicides and metabolites occurred even from frozen greens. The results are discussed in a practical context aiming for reduced environmental risks from spraying fungicides against turfgrass winter diseases.

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Comparison of soil frost and thaw depths measured using frost tubes and other methods

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of saturated hydraulic conductivity on volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) tuber survival

Effects of saturated hydraulic conductivity on volunteer potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) tuber survival

Determining the uncertainty of areal mean surface elevation measured with a terrestrial laser scanner and with a total station in permafrost environments near Lac de Gras, NWT, Canada

Leaching and surface runoff after fall application of fungicides on putting greens

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