Comparison of soil and other environmental conditions in constructed and adjacent palustrine reference wetlands

Stolt, Mark H.; Genthner, M. H.; Daniels, W. Lee; Groover, V.; Nagle, Steven; Haering, K. C.

doi:10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0671:cosaoe]2.0.co;2

Cited by 104 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Studies also found reference wetlands had higher C and N content in sediments than in constructed wetlands (Bishel-Machung et al, 1996;Craft & Casey, 2000). Continuous saturation near the soil surface should limit decomposition of organic matter and retain N in natural wetlands (Stolt et al, 2000). Our results also showed that nutrient concentration in the extant wetlands were well above average level (MDEQ, 2001b) in southern Michigan, but restored marshes were at the beginning of succession and had relatively low nutrient concentration and organic matter accumulation.…”

Section: Wetland Restoration and Environmental Changesupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Nutrient accumulation and storage from agricultural and urban runoff affect wetland productivity, species diversity, water quality, as well as the restoration rate of wetlands (Rader & Richardson, 1992;Craft & Casey, 2000). A number of questions regarding how nutrient accumulation shapes the biological communities remain to be answered (Stolt et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Algal Assemblages in Multiple Habitats of Restored and Extant Wetlands

Zheng

Stevenson

2006

Hydrobiologia

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The functional and structural attributes of algal assemblages were studied in 25 restored and 20 extant depressional wetlands in southern central Michigan. Environmental conditions and algal assemblages were compared between restored and extant wetlands and among habitats within wetlands. Restored marshes generally had lower shading by macrophytes, nutrient concentrations, and sediment organic matter. Relative biovolume of non-diatom algae was significantly different among plankton, macrophyte and sediment habitats in restored wetlands, but did not differ between macrophytes and sediments in extant wetlands. Species composition of diatom assemblages was not significantly different between plants and sediments in both restored and extant wetlands. The observed differences in non-diatom algae could not be attributed to any measured environmental variable; however, diatom assemblage differences between habitats increased with light irradiance. Differences in sediment diatom assemblages were observed between restored and extant wetlands and were related to differences in nutrients, pH, and canopy cover. Differences were also observed between epiphytic diatom assemblages in restored and extant wetlands and they were related to light and dissolved oxygen. In summary, differences in light and nutrient availability were the main environmental factors differentiating algal communities in wetlands.

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Section: Wetland Restoration and Environmental Changesupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal Assemblages in Multiple Habitats of Restored and Extant Wetlands

Zheng

Stevenson

2006

Hydrobiologia

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“…It may also reflect the accumulation of soil organic matter with wetland age and, possibly, subsequent microbial community development (Anderson et al 2005;Anderson and Mitsch 2006). For these reasons, Stolt et al (2000) concluded the redox potential could be used as an indicator of wetland state. However, the difficulty in acquiring stable redox measurementsas indicated in temporary versus permanent installations in the Everglades (Thomas et al 2009)-may make this a less desirable measure of ecosystem development in BBM wetlands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structural and functional properties of mitigated wetland ecosystems are oftentimes age or timedependent, as wetland conditions (i.e., inundation or saturation at or near the soil surface) are needed for extended durations for these properties to emerge and develop (Kusler 1990;Stolt et al 2000). Noon (1996) developed a descriptive model of primary vegetation succession relative to soil and water changes in recently created wetlands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetland development in a previously mined landscape of East Texas, USA

Hart

Davis

2011

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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We studied wetland development in a chronosequence of created wetlands in a reclaimed landscape in east Texas seasonally for 1 year. The purpose of the study was to identify features (i.e., indicators) that best reflected changes in wetland ecosystem state through time and could serve as indicators of ''maturity'' for bond-release. Features considered included surface water nutrients, soil nutrients, soil redox potential, vegetative biomass and diversity, and benthic invertebrate biomass and diversity. Our sampling focused on nine wetlands representing three different-age classes (n = 3 for each) as a surrogate for time. All wetland sites were created with the same homogenized mine spoil and had similar hydrology and climate. Age-specific changes in all parameters were observed, except for surface water nutrients. The oldest wetlands (i.e., ''mature'') exhibited highest soil concentrations of N, C, K, P, and Ca. Soil redox potential was significantly lower in the mature wetlands, in addition to withinwetland (lowest in deepest sampling zones) and intraannual variability (i.e., lowest during the summer). Mature created wetlands supported the highest vegetative biomass and species richness and highest densities of invertebrates; however, taxa richness was similar across all age groups. Of all parameters we measured, vegetation metrics were among the simplest and most cost-effective measures used to track the early development of mitigated wetlands. This study provides the basis from which to track the development of these reclaimed ecosystems in a more rigorous and easily replicated manner. With further validation, select use of these parameter sets in east Texas and other similar landscapes could aid both in determining compliance for regulatory purposes as well as tracking success of ecological mitigation.

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“…Microtopography, defined as small-scale topographic variation at the scale of up to 1 m (Moser et al 2007), is a common feature of many types of natural wetlands. In these ecosystems, microtopography is formed through tip-up root mounds, downed trees, differential litter fall and sedimentation, and animal burrowing (Barry et al 1996;Stolt et al 2000). Artificially, microtopography can be created through a variety of techniques, including bucket mounding, tire rutting, and disk harrowing (Barry et al 1996;Moser et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial microtopography and herbivory protection facilitates wetland tree (Thuja occidentalis L.) survival and growth in created wetlands

et al. 2015

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Northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) wetlands are highly valuable both commercially and as wildlife habitat. However, northern white-cedar forested wetlands are declining in area from forestry activities and development, with mitigation efforts often failing to reproduce these ecosystems. For this reason, the goal of this project was to determine the feasibility of creating a northern white-cedar forested wetland as a wetland mitigation option. Microtopography has been shown to be important for northern whitecedar establishment and recruitment, so a series of hummocks and flat areas were created and planted with northern white-cedar seedlings in two created wetlands in northern Michigan, USA. We examined the influence of microtopography and exposure to deer browse on white-cedar survivorship and height growth, 2 and 5 years after establishment. Hummock microtopography increased both tree survival and height growth. Percent survival after 5 years in protected fenced areas was 75 % on hummocks, while percent survival was only 15 % in protected fenced flat areas. Height growth rates were also greater on fenced hummocks, averaging 30 cm per year, compared to an average of 8 cm per year on fenced flat areas. Protection from browsing also improved white-cedar survival and height growth. Fenced white-cedar had 15-20 % greater survival compared to unfenced white-cedar and had 25-100 % greater growth rates. Our results indicate that incorporating microtopography and protection from browsing into future restoration or regeneration projects involving northern white-cedar should be considered as a viable option where high or variable water tables are expected.

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Comparison of soil and other environmental conditions in constructed and adjacent palustrine reference wetlands

Cited by 104 publications

References 18 publications

Algal Assemblages in Multiple Habitats of Restored and Extant Wetlands

Algal Assemblages in Multiple Habitats of Restored and Extant Wetlands

Wetland development in a previously mined landscape of East Texas, USA

Artificial microtopography and herbivory protection facilitates wetland tree (Thuja occidentalis L.) survival and growth in created wetlands

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