Comparison of Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene and Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences Among Isolates of the Intranuclear Microsporidian <i>Nucleospora salmonis</i>

Grésoviac, S. J.; Khattra, Jaswinder; Nadler, Steven A.; Kent, Michael L.; Devlin, Robert H.; Vivarès, Christian P.; Fuente, Eduardo de la; Hedrick, Ronald P.

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00064.x

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…E. bieneusi from the human intestine) for it to be placed in a separate genus (Docker et al 1997, Nilsen 2000. N. salmonis and the intranuclear microsporidia from Atlantic halibut are morphologically very similar, and recent studies comparing ribosomal genes suggest that the microsporidium found in halibut is most likely to be a Nucleospora species (Gresoviac et al 2000). No data concerning the mode of infection exist for the Nucleospora species from halibut.…”

Section: Microsporidiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

Bergh

Nilsen²,

Samuelsen³

2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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After substantial investments in research, the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus is now being cultivated commercially in Norway, Iceland, Scotland and Canada. As with other domesticated species, disease problems have been experienced. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of diseases of the Atlantic halibut, and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. In economic terms, the most important losses have been suffered at the larval and juvenile stages. The most important infections are caused by nodaviruses, causative agents of Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER), which are the major reason why Norway's production of halibut fry has been level since 1995. An aquatic birnavirus, Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus, is also an important agent of mortality. Vibrio anguillarum, Flexibacter ovolyticus and atypical Aeromonas salmonicida are the major bacterial pathogens. The protozoan parasites recorded include Ichthyobodo sp., the microsporidium Enterocytozoon sp., Trichodina hippoglossi, and the metazoan pathogens include myxozoans, helminths, Entobdella hippoglossi, Lepeophtheirus hippoglossi and other parasitic copepods. Experimental vaccines have been tested against V. anguillarum and atypical A. salmonicida, with good results. A recombinant vaccine against nodaviruses is under development. A few trials have been carried out on non-specific immunostimulants, but no such treatment is currently available. A number of efficacy and pharmacokinetic trials with various antibacterial agents have also been published. KEY WORDS: Atlantic halibut · Diseases · Prophylaxis · Treatment Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 48: [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] 2001 unknown may accidentally compromise the defence systems of the host. Thirdly, disease conditions that may be common among wild fish are largely unrecognised by humans. However, in aquaculture systems the fish farmer will recognise signs of disease such as reduced growth, abnormal behaviour and increased mortality, all of which rapidly call for attention by veterinarians and scientists.The main challenge experienced by halibut farms has been to achieve adequate survival rates, particularly during the early life stages. Thus, since the early 1990s, the amount of experience and knowledge of diseases of viral, bacterial or parasitical etiology of the Atlantic halibut has grown significantly. The evidence for the importance of diseases that affect the early life stages, such as infections by birnaviruses (Biering et al. 1994), nodaviruses (Grotmol et al. 1995(Grotmol et al. , 1997, or various opportunistic bacteria (Bergh et al. 1992b) has now been demonstrated by different challenge experiments (Table 1).The parasite fauna of wild Atlantic halibut have not been widely studied, for which reason our knowledge of potential harmful parasites in farmed fish is limited. Studies of parasites on wild halibut have mainly concentrated on desc...

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Section: Microsporidiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

Bergh

Nilsen²,

Samuelsen³

2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Previous studies have illustrated a comparable range of sequence variability among clones produced from a single PCR reaction (<0.25%, Gresoviac et al 2000); the resemblance between N. salmonis genotypes characterised in Massif Central fish and in Atlantic salmon originating from Eastern Canada was below 0.24% of variation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…comm., Gresoviac et al 2000), is indicative of the existence of several strains, or to a lesser degree genotypes, of N. salmonis in France. The high proportion and specificity of the heterogeneous sequences described by the comparison of the rainbow trout isolate from Eastern France and the isolates from Massif Central salmonids, as well as the absence of common genetically-specific French sites, did not suggest any direct relationship between the microorganisms originating from these locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays, based on the small subunit ribosomal DNA (ssu-rDNA), were used to detect N. salmonis and partially characterise its genotype. The gene amplication was carried out as described by Gresoviac et al (2000). The diagnostic primer combinations ES-1/ES-2 followed by ES-3/ES-4 (Gresoviac et al 2000) and ES-1a/ES-2a followed by ES-3a/ES-4a (Barlough et al 1995), yielded two distinct amplification products located respectively in the 5' and 3' regions of the ssu-rDNA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of the microsporidian parasite Nucleospora salmonis in four species of salmonids from the Massif Central of France

Alaoui¹,

Grésoviac²,

Vivarès³

2006

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract. Nucleospora salmonis (Hedrick, Groff et Baxa, 1991), an intranuclear microsporidian parasite of marine and freshwater fish, causes diseases mainly in salmonid species. Losses have been reported in stocks of salmonid fish reared in the region of Auvergne (France). The cause of chronic mortalities in the local host species raised in aquaculture and destined for supplementation of the river system Loire-Allier was examined. The presence of N. salmonis was confirmed by PCR and histology in Salmo salar L. previously and in newly investigated salmonid species, Salmo salar, Salmo trutta fario L., Thymallus thymallus (L.) and Salvelinus alpinus (L.), present in European streams. The infection by N. salmonis was consistent in all cases with characteristic symptoms of the disease in deceased or moribund fish. The small subunit ribosomal DNA from N. salmonis was partially sequenced and compared to previously characterised N. salmonis isolates. As a result, a genotype, or clonal entity, was attributed to N. salmonis among Atlantic salmon found along the Northern Atlantic coastal lines and other salmonid species co-inhabiting or co-cultivated in the Auvergne region.

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“…We found these characteristics also in the Heterosporis anguillarum rRNA sequence. The microsporidian rRNA sequences, especially the SSU rRNA sequences, are chosen to investigate the taxonomic position and phylogeny of microsporidia species (Vossbrinck et al 1987, Visvesvara et al 1994, Baker et al 1995, Malone & McIvor 1996, Pieniazek et al 1996, Nilsen et al 1998, Gresoviac et al 2000. In this paper, we edited the reported sequence (17 revised bases) (Hung et al 1998, GenBank Accession No.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete sequence and structure of ribosomal RNA gene of Heterosporis anguillarum

Tsai¹,

Kou²,

Lo³

et al. 2002

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene region of the microsporidium Heterosporis anguillarum has been examined. Complete DNA sequence data (4060 bp, GenBank Accession No. AF402839) of the rRNA gene of H. anguillarum are presented for the small subunit gene (SSU rRNA: 1359 bp), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS: 37 bp), and the large subunit gene (LSU rRNA: 2664 bp). The secondary structures of the H. anguillarum SSU and LSU rRNA genes are constructed and described. This is the first complete sequence of an rRNA gene published for a fish-infecting microsporidian species. In the phylogenetic analysis, the sequences, including partial SSU rRNA, ITS, and partial LSU rRNA sequences of the fish-infecting microsporidia, were aligned and analysed.

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Comparison of Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene and Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences Among Isolates of the Intranuclear Microsporidian Nucleospora salmonis

Cited by 28 publications

References 42 publications

Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

Occurrence of the microsporidian parasite Nucleospora salmonis in four species of salmonids from the Massif Central of France

Complete sequence and structure of ribosomal RNA gene of Heterosporis anguillarum

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