Comparison of skin dose measurement using nanoDot^® dosimeter and machine readings of radiation dose during cardiac catheterization in children

Abstract

Objectives:Direct measurement of skin dose of radiation for children using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technology using nanoDot® (Landauer, Glenwood, IL, USA).Background:Radiation dose is estimated as cumulative air kerma (AK) and dosearea product based on standards established for adult size patients. Body size of pediatric patients who undergo cardiac catheterization for congenital heart disease vary widely from newborn to adolescence. Direct, skindose measurement applying OSL technology may eliminate errors in the estimate.Materials and Methods:The nanoDot® (1 cm × 1 cm × flat plastic cassette) is applied to patient's skin using adhesive tape during cardiac catheterization and radiation skin doses were read within 24 hrs. nanoDot® values were compared to the currently available cumulative AK values estimated and displayed on fluoroscopy monitor.Results:A total of 12 children were studied, aged 4 months to 18 years (median 1.1 years) and weight range 5.3–86 kg (median 8.4 kg). nanoDot® readings ranged from 2.58 mGy to 424.8 mGy (median 84.1 mGy). Cumulative AK ranged from 16.2 mGy to 571.2 mGy (median 171.1 mGy). Linear correlation was noted between nanoDot® values and AK values (R2 = 0.88, R = 0.94). nanoDot® readings were approximately 65% of the estimated cumulative AK estimated using the International Electrotechnical Commission standards.Conclusions:Application of OSL technology using nanoDot® provides an alternative to directly measure fluoroscopic skin dose in children during cardiac catheterization. Our data show that the actual skin dose for children is approximately one-third lower than the AK estimated using international standards for adult size patients.

Monte Carlo-based patient internal dosimetry in fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures: A review

“…As defined, direct measurement can be conducted by either placing the dosimeter on the patient's skin surface or inserting it within an anthropomorphic phantom. Various dosimeters have been used in the literature, such as TLD (thermo-luminescent dosimeter), OSLD (optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter), RPLGD (radio-photoluminescent glass dosimeter), MOSFET(Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor), MOSkin detector, thin-film detector, and radiochromic film [15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Local diagnostic reference levels in diagnostic and therapeutic pediatric cardiology at a specialist pediatric hospital in South Africa

“…As such, unless a patient is unusually large, or undergoes a series of repeated procedures in short succession involving imaging to the same location of the body, deterministic injuries may be less of a concern in children than the risk of cancer induction. 19 The FT and CI observed in our results demonstrate weak and moderate, but statistically significant correlations with KAP and CAK in diagnostic and therapeutic FGI procedures, respectively. The coefficients of determination (R 2 ) in all cases implied that the relationships were not strong in practice.…”

Analysis of ionizing radiation doses received by patients during electrocardiological procedures

“…-Although the exposure of patients undergoing electrocardiological procedures is much lower than in the case of cardiac vascular procedures, it may reach a similar level -especially in implantation procedures of devices regulating the correct functioning of the heart -The level of doses received by patients depends on the type of radiological device used to monitor the course of the procedure -A significant range of dose values obtained during the same type of procedure probably results from differences in the clinical condition and anatomical structure of patients. [14] 16-571 (*) [15]…”