Comparison of skeletal muscle mass to fat-free mass ratios among different ethnic groups

Abe, Takashi; Bemben, Michael G.; Kondo, Masakatsu; Kawakami, Yasuo; Fukunaga, Tetsuo

doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0015-2

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The SM index for the high MS is greater than that previously reported for young Caucasian men (8.8 kg/m 2 ; mean age 31.4 years) using similar analytic techniques. 26 Previous research has shown total SM index gradually decreases with age, and is 11% lower in Japanese men aged 50-59 years (7.66 kg/m 2 ) and 16% lower in Japanese men aged 60-69 years (7.24 kg/m 2 ) when compared to Japanese young men (8.57 kg/m 2 ) aged 20-29 years. 2 Therefore, our findings suggest that MS with higher swimming distances maintain a high SM index, even greater than that of active (but presumably non-swimming) young men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Skeletal Muscle Mass and Muscular Function in Master Swimmers Is Related to Training Distance

Abe

Kojima²,

Stager³

2014

Rejuvenation Research

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It is unknown whether or not the daily swim training distances of master swimmers (MS) affect the observed changes in skeletal muscle mass (SM) and physical function commonly associated with the aging process. Twenty-two male MS aged 52-82 years were divided into two groups based upon training distance: High MS (>3000 meters swim/session and 4.1 times/week; n=11) and moderate MS (1500-2800 meters swim/session and 3.4 times/week; n=11). Eleven age- and body mass index-matched older (aged 56-80 years) men served as controls (AMC). Subjects who performed resistance training were excluded in this study. Muscle thickness (MTH) was measured by ultrasound at nine sites on the anterior/posterior aspects of the body (forearm, upper arm, trunk, thigh, and lower leg), and from this, total and segmental SM mass values were estimated. Thigh MTH (anterior:posterior mid-thigh, A50:P50) ratio was calculated to assess the site-specific thigh muscle loss. Straight and zigzag walking performance and maximum knee extension/flexion strength were also measured. Arm SM was greater for high MS and moderate MS than for AMC. Total SM index was higher for high MS than for moderate MS and AMC. A50:P50 ratio was greater for high MS than for AMC. Absolute and relative knee extension strength, but not flexion strength, was greater in high MS than in AMC. The A50:P50 ratio inversely correlated (p<0.05) with zigzag walking time, whereas relative knee extension strength positively correlated (p<0.05) with both straight and zigzag walking performance. Training distance in older MS may be an important factor for maintaining muscle mass and function in the aging process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Skeletal Muscle Mass and Muscular Function in Master Swimmers Is Related to Training Distance

Abe

Kojima²,

Stager³

2014

Rejuvenation Research

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“…Unfortunately, too rare are such data shared by the authors of papers on cut-off points. It is worth pointing out that subjects of various races differ significantly as far as their heights, but also their body compositions, are concerned [ 33 – 35 ]. The highest level of skeletal muscle mass is characteristic of the Black race, with the Caucasian one in the middle and the Asian one with the lowest level [ 36 – 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Body Mass Index in Calculating the Cut-Off Points for Low Muscle Mass in the Elderly: Methodological Issues

Krzymińska‐Siemaszko

Czepulis

Suwalska

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Objectives. Cut-off points (COPs) for appendicular lean mass (ALM) index, essential to define low muscle mass (LMM) in the elderly, have never been officially defined for Poland. The aim of the study was to establish them. Additionally, the significance of body mass index (BMI) for correctly defining the COPs in a young, healthy reference group was assessed. Methods. The study was composed of reference group (n = 1113) and the elderly group (n = 200). In all subjects, body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis, and ALM index was calculated. Next, COPs (kg/m2) were set up for the whole reference group and for particular subgroups with different BMIs separately. They were used to diagnose sarcopenia in the elderly. Results. COP for all young females was 5.37 (COP-F), while it was equal to 5.52 (COP-F2) when only those with a recommended BMI (18.50–24.99 kg/m2) were taken into consideration. For males, it was 7.32 and 7.29, respectively. Only 7% of elderly females had LMM based on COP-F and 15% had LMM based on COP-F2 (P < 0.05); for males, the percentages were 18% and 16%, respectively. Conclusions. COPs for LMM for Poland are 5.52 kg/m2 (females) and 7.29 kg/m2 (males). The reference group BMI is an important factor in establishing COPs for low muscle mass.

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“…In a previous study, we reported a SM index of Japanese men aged 20 to 30 years (8.6 [SD 0.9]kg/m 2 ) as the reference value for men (Abe et al 2012d). For women, we recalculated a mean and SD of young women aged 20-30 years (6.0 [SD 0.9]kg/m 2 ) as the reference value using a previously reported data set (Abe et al 2012a). Therefore, the reference values for severe sarcopenia (2 SD below the sex-specific means) in men and women were 6.8 and 4.2 kg/m 2 , respectively.…”

Section: Body Composition and Anthropometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of site-specific thigh sarcopenia in Japanese men and women

Abe

Thiebaud

Loenneke

et al. 2013

AGE

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The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of severe sarcopenia detected by total skeletal muscle mass (SM) index and of site-specific thigh sarcopenia for differing age groups in men and women. Japanese nonobese men and women aged 20 to 85 (n=1,994, 55 % women) had muscle thickness (MTH) measured by ultrasound at six sites on the anterior and posterior aspects of the body. SM was estimated from ultrasound-derived prediction equations. Site-specific thigh sarcopenia was calculated using ultrasoundmeasured MTH at the anterior and posterior aspects of the thigh (MTH ratio, anterior 50 %/posterior 50 % thigh MTH (A50/P50 MTH)). Sarcopenia was defined as a SM index (SM divided by height 2 ) of >2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for young adults. Sitespecific thigh sarcopenia was defined as a ratio of A50/P50 MTH of >2 SD below the mean for young adults. Age was inversely correlated to SM index and A50/P50 MTH in men (r=−0.480 and r=−0.522) and women (r=−0.243 and r=−0.516). The prevalence rate of sarcopenia was less than 3 % for women under the age of 60, 7 % for ages 60-69, and 24 % for ages 70-80. In men, the prevalence rate of sarcopenia was less than 7 % under the age of 50, 18 % for ages 50-59, 33 % for ages 60-69, and 47 % for ages 70-85. Compared to the sarcopenia estimated by SM index, there was a higher prevalence of site-specific thigh sarcopenia observed in both sexes. These results suggest that site-specific thigh sarcopenia appears before it is able to be detected at the whole body level.

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Comparison of skeletal muscle mass to fat-free mass ratios among different ethnic groups

Abstract: Our results suggest that relative SMM is not lower in Asian populations compared with European populations after adjusted by age and BMI.

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Skeletal Muscle Mass and Muscular Function in Master Swimmers Is Related to Training Distance

Skeletal Muscle Mass and Muscular Function in Master Swimmers Is Related to Training Distance

The Significance of Body Mass Index in Calculating the Cut-Off Points for Low Muscle Mass in the Elderly: Methodological Issues

Prevalence of site-specific thigh sarcopenia in Japanese men and women

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