Comparison of Shiga Toxin Production by Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome-Associated and Bovine-Associated Shiga Toxin-Producing
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            Isolates

Ritchie, Jennifer M.; Wagner, Patrick; Acheson, David W. K.; Waldor, Matthew K.

doi:10.1128/aem.69.2.1059-1066.2003

Cited by 72 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Other phage cycles occur on shorter time scales, as predicted by the "killing the winner populations" hypothesis. This concept states that phages expand on the fastest growing host population in the given ecological setting (54). The phage epidemic ceases when the diminished host population no longer supports phage replication.…”

Section: Cycles: Dynamic Phage-host Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage-Host Interaction: an Ecological Perspective

et al. 2004

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Nearly 100 years ago, Felix d'Herelle, the codiscoverer of bacteriophages, used bacteria to control insect pests and used phages against bacterial disease. His approaches reflected ecological insights before this branch of biology became an established scientific discipline. In fact, one might have predicted that phage research would become the springboard for biotechnology and ecology. However, d'Herelle was ahead of his time, and the zeitgeist in the 1930s pushed physicists into the question "What is life?" Phages as the simplest biological systems were the logical choice for this question, and phage research became the cradle of molecular biology. Now many researchers speak of a "new age of phage research." It is now realized that phages play an important role in ecology (e.g., phage impact on the cycling of organic matter in the biosphere at a global level) (27), that phages influence the evolution of bacterial genomes (most obviously in the development of bacterial pathogenicity) (7), and that phages might provide potential tools to face the antibiotic resistance crisis in medicine (59). With this new trend, we now see a clear shift from the reductionist approach, focusing on a handful of phages in carefully controlled laboratory conditions, towards the study of many different phages in the complexity of real-life situations.In contrast to the molecular biology-oriented phage research where the interaction of molecules took center stage, ecology focuses on the interactions between organisms and their physical environment. Much of ecology is therefore about the evolution of biological diversity in space and time. In contrast to many branches of biology, ecology attributes a great importance to quantitative relationships and numbers and aims at a mathematical formulation of its observations. It is thus appropriate to start this review with an overview of phage titers encountered in the biosphere. Next, we ask how a parasite targets its host if the latter is scarce or not in an appropriate physiological state. Finally, we report on research that tries to bridge phage ecology and genomics and cell biology approaches. It is concluded that the integration of phages into complex networks of interacting biological systems, and analysis by molecular techniques, could give phage research a model character in biology again.

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Section: Cycles: Dynamic Phage-host Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage-Host Interaction: an Ecological Perspective

et al. 2004

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“…However, only a subgroup of STEC within the bovine reservoir is capable of causing disease (16). This might be linked to differences in the Stx expression characteristics (193).…”

Section: Examples Of Distribution and Function Of Moronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phages and the Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens: from Genomic Rearrangements to Lysogenic Conversion

Brüssow

Canchaya

Hardt

2004

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,460

1,295

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Comparative genomics demonstrated that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophages) are coevolving. This process is most evident for bacterial pathogens where the majority contain prophages or phage remnants integrated into the bacterial DNA. Many prophages from bacterial pathogens encode virulence factors. Two situations can be distinguished: Vibrio cholerae, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Clostridium botulinum depend on a specific prophage-encoded toxin for causing a specific disease, whereas Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium harbor a multitude of prophages and each phage-encoded virulence or fitness factor makes an incremental contribution to the fitness of the lysogen. These prophages behave like “swarms” of related prophages. Prophage diversification seems to be fueled by the frequent transfer of phage material by recombination with superinfecting phages, resident prophages, or occasional acquisition of other mobile DNA elements or bacterial chromosomal genes. Prophages also contribute to the diversification of the bacterial genome architecture. In many cases, they actually represent a large fraction of the strain-specific DNA sequences. In addition, they can serve as anchoring points for genome inversions. The current review presents the available genomics and biological data on prophages from bacterial pathogens in an evolutionary framework

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“…Although the epidemiology of DϩHUS in Australia differs from that in the United States, with non-O157 STEC implicated more frequently in Australia, we hypothesized that STEC strains from the United States also contain the subAB operon. STEC strains originating from sources in the United States were selected from two well-characterized, previously described strain collections (2,9). Previously published multiplex PCR data for stx 1 , stx 2 , eae, and ehxA and serogroup/type information were used to select representative strains, allowing assessment of potential associations between the subAB operon and these virulence factors and different O serogroups.…”

Section: The Operon Encoding Subab a Novel Cytotoxin Is Present In mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Operon Encoding SubAB, a Novel Cytotoxin, Is Present in Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliIsolates from the United States

et al. 2007

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Comparison of Shiga Toxin Production by Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome-Associated and Bovine-Associated Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates

Cited by 72 publications

References 58 publications

Phage-Host Interaction: an Ecological Perspective

Phage-Host Interaction: an Ecological Perspective

Phages and the Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens: from Genomic Rearrangements to Lysogenic Conversion

The Operon Encoding SubAB, a Novel Cytotoxin, Is Present in Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliIsolates from the United States

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