Comparison of SGLT1, SGLT2, and Dual Inhibitor Biological Activity in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2D) is an emerging health burden in the USand worldwide, impacting approximately 15% of Americans. Current front‐line therapeutics for T2D patients include sulfonylureas that act to reduce A1C and/or fasting blood glucose levels, or Metformin that antagonizes the action of glucagon to reduce hepatic glucose production. Next generation glucomodulatory therapeutics target members of the high‐affinity glucose transporter Sodium‐Glucose‐Linked‐Transporter (SGLT) family. SGLT1 is primarily expressed in intestinal epithelium, whose inhibition reduces dietary glucose uptake, whilst SGLT2 is highly expressed in kidney – regulating glucose reabsorption. A number of SGLT2 inhibitors are FDA approved whilst SGLT1 and dual SGLT1 & 2 inhibitor are currently in clinical trials. Here, we discuss and compare SGLT2, SGLT1, and dual inhibitors’ biochemical mechanism and physiological effects.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved