Comparison of serum levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in TCP production workers and in an unexposed comparison group

Sweeney, Marie Haring; Fingerhut, M.; Patterson, Donald; Connally, L. Barbara; Piacitelli, Laurie A.; Morris, J A; Greife, Alice; Hornung, Richard; Marlow, David; Dugle, J.E.; Halperin, William; Needham, Larry L.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(90)90211-b

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Dioxins are also found in human adipose tissue, blood and milk 1,[4][5][6] . The main sources of dioxins are from the production of organic chlorinated herbicides, bleaching of paper/pulp and incineration of waste [7][8][9] . In Japan, incinerators are the major source 10) because most domestic solid waste (kitchen refuse, paper, wood, cloth, plastic etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Evaluation of Dioxins in Municipal Waste Incinerator Workers.

2003

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In Japan, the largest source of dioxin is solid waste incineration plants. Because workers employed at these plants handle fly ash and slag contaminated by dioxins, they can take dioxins into the body during work and their health may be adversely effected. This paper describes the dioxin exposure concentration, daily dioxin intake and blood dioxin level in workers employed at municipal incineration plants. The estimated dioxin exposure concentrations were 0.5 to 7.2 pg TEQ/m 3 in the daily operation and 0.2 to 92,000 pg TEQ/m 3 in the periodic maintenance. It was also expected that the daily dioxin intake can exceed the tolerable daily intake (TDI) in incineration plants with fly ash of high dioxin concentration. The mean of blood dioxin concentration was 346 pg TEQ/g lipid in the highest exposed worker group of the Toyono-gun incineration plant and those were 11 to 40 pg TEQ/ g lipid in the other incineration plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Evaluation of Dioxins in Municipal Waste Incinerator Workers.

2003

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“…The results of our study are consistent with other studies of persons with high environmental or occupational exposure especially considering our long relative interval between last exposure and blood draw. The back-extrapolated levels of serum dioxins to last date of workplace exposure indicate that workers in this study have levels that were in the range of other chlorophenol workers (Beck et al, 1989b;Sweeney et al, 1990;Ott et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Serum evaluations of persons with high dioxin exposures have been useful in estimating past exposures for health studies (Beck et al, 1989b;Sweeney et al, 1990;Neuberger et al, 1991;Ott et al, 1993;Flesch-Janys et al, 1995;Heederik et al, 1998;Coenraads et al, 1999). Many studies have shown that high serum dioxin levels can be measured many years after exposure and that workers with a history of chloracne, a skin condition associated with high dioxin exposure, typically have the highest dioxin body levels (Mocarelli et al, 1991;Coenraads et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum dioxin levels in former chlorophenol workers

Collins

Budinsky

Burns

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we measured lipid-adjusted serum levels for all 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and furans, and four coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in 62 workers with chlorophenol exposure and 36 workers without chlorophenol exposures working at the same plant during the same time. We oversampled among workers diagnosed with chloracne. Mean dioxin background levels from 36 nonchlorophenol workers were estimated as 6.0 parts-per-trillion (ppt) for 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and 67.5 ppt for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 heptachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (Hepta-CDD). We found different dioxin and furan profiles for trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol (PCP) workers. Among trichlorophenol workers with chloracne, we found 2,3,7,8-TCDD (mean ¼ 30.5 ppt) above background levels and among PCP workers with chloracne, we found high levels of Hepta-CDD (mean ¼ 312.5 ppt) and other higher chlorinated dioxins and furans. Cumulative exposure estimates for dioxins for both 2,3,7,8-TCDD and the higher chlorinated dioxins created in the early 1980s for our epidemiology studies were highly correlated with serum dioxin levels when age and body mass index were taken into account. While workers previously diagnosed with chloracne had high serum dioxin levels, some workers without diagnosed chloracne also had high levels. Among tradesworkers with plant-wide responsibilities, we observed serum dioxins and PCB levels higher than background indicating workplace exposures. We estimate that the mean level of 2,3,7,8-TCDD present in the serum of workers on the date workplace exposure terminated was 267 ppt (ranging from 8 to 1184 ppt) assuming a 9-year half-life, 582 ppt (ranging from 10 to 2,641 ppt) assuming a 7-year halflife, and 1928 ppt (ranging from 22 to 17,847) when a toxicokinetic model is used. We conclude that our findings are consistent with other studies reporting high serum dioxin levels among chlorophenol workers after occupational exposures.

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“…For example, in a study of dioxin, serum levels were measured in the unexposed referent population. These data were invaluable in determining that, although the referent population was not exposed to occupational sources of dioxin, they all had low serum levels of dioxin, presumably caused by low-level environmental contamination (19). Although it is still unresolved whether the low levels of dioxin in adults cause obvious adverse outcomes, control subjects will require some interpretation of what the data mean.…”

Section: Communication To Control Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical considerations, confidentiality issues, rights of human subjects, and uses of monitoring data in research and regulation.

Schulte

Sweeney

1995

Environ Health Perspect

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Biomarkers are potentially powerful tools for use in research and regulation. Their derivation from biologic specimens collected from human subjects does, however, present many ethical implications. Ethical issues are relevant in almost each facet of human biomarker research studies: design, identification and recruitment of subjects, handling and use of the data, and interpretation and communication of results. Researchers also face a number of dilemmas when considering the use of human biologic specimens and new biomarkers. The mere fact that such markers are the result of measurements in human specimens gives the appearance of being more accurate than traditional sources of information such as questionnaires or environmental monitoring; yet, this may not always be the case. The meaning of the results of biomarker studies may be unclear because the purpose of the study is usually for research rather than clinical purposes. There generally are no established normal ranges for biomarkers and the interpretation of findings are often difficult. Researchers may not communicate these results to subjects or consider followup action because the task may be too difficult or undefined, or the reaction of the subject cannot be anticipated. A wide range of practices in this regard exists among researchers. Many questions remain unanswered about the use of biologic specimens. These include questions of ownership and access to specimens. Related to this is the question of whether specimens collected for one research purpose can be used for an entirely different research purpose. This is still an open question. Researchers and regulators may not be aware of the potential for biomarker information to affect the lives of subjects and their families without sufficient protection of personally identifiable data and regulation of its use. It is incumbent on researchers to consider these human subject questions whenever they are using human specimens or biomarkers. -Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 3): 69-74 (1995)

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Comparison of serum levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in TCP production workers and in an unexposed comparison group

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Exposure Evaluation of Dioxins in Municipal Waste Incinerator Workers.

Exposure Evaluation of Dioxins in Municipal Waste Incinerator Workers.

Serum dioxin levels in former chlorophenol workers

Ethical considerations, confidentiality issues, rights of human subjects, and uses of monitoring data in research and regulation.

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