Comparison of serological and molecular tests to investigate Leishmania spp. infections in stray dogs from an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Brazil

Evaristo, Anna Maria da Cruz Ferreira; Araujo, Andreina de Carvalho; Costa, Andréa Pereira da; Sales, Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva; Silva, José Alexandre Menezes da; Dantas‐Torres, Filipe; Horta, Maurício Cláudio

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612021067

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In other words, the distribution of positive and negative results was similar for both methods across all samples, despite 20 cases where the results did not align. Additionally, we found the serology positive rate to be slightly higher than the molecular positive rate in blood samples, similar to results reported in previous literature [16,17] . This can be attributed to the longer persistence of antibodies in the blood as compared to the rapid degradation of Leishmania DNA [6] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seasonal Prevalence and Risk Factors of canine Leishmania Infection in Beijing, China

Chen,

Tang,

2024

Preprint

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Background Leishmaniasis, a severe zoonotic disease where dogs act as the main reservoir for Leishmania infantum (L. infantum), poses a significant public health threat. Despite recent cases in Beijing, China, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in this region. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CanL in Beijing and identify associated risk factors. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-L. infantum antibodies, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to identify Leishmania DNA. The study included 737 dogs: 575 were tested with both ELISA using serum samples and qPCR using whole blood samples, while the remaining 162 were tested only with qPCR. Variables related to the dogs were collected and evaluated through univariate analysis (the Chi-square test) and multivariate logistical regression analysis. For dogs that tested positive on ELISA or qPCR and exhibited suspicious clinical symptoms, we collected lymph node punctures and skin scrape material to reconfirm Leishmania infection by qPCR. Results ELISA and qPCR prevalence rates were 4.87% (28/575) and 3.26% (24/737), respectively, with all qPCR-positive samples confirmed as L. infantum by PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene. QPCR and ELISA demonstrated strong consistency (P = 0.00) in detecting Leishmania among the 575 dogs subjected to both tests. Multivariate analysis revealed a higher prevalence of CanL during springtime in Beijing (ELISA: OR = 9.31, 95% CI = 2.75–31.47; qPCR: OR = 7.22, 95% CI = 2.49–20.94), and among younger dogs (0-2Y) (ELISA: OR = 5.49, 95% CI = 1.70–17.80; qPCR: OR = 4.51, 95% CI = 1.25–16.24). Univariate analysis identified suburban areas (P = 0.02) and medium to large-sized dogs (P = 0.00) as secondary risk factors. Among the dogs that tested positive on ELISA or qPCR, 16 were subsequently confirmed to have CanL through qPCR test of lymph node aspirates and skin scrapings. The majority of these cases were found in suburban areas (68.75%), with 43.75% detected during springtime. Additionally, 50% of the cases involved medium-sized dogs. Conclusion Seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of CanL in Beijing was 4.87% and 3.26% respectively, with a higher prevalence observed in spring and among younger dogs (0-2Y), emphasizing the importance of comprehensive studies to address public health threats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seasonal Prevalence and Risk Factors of canine Leishmania Infection in Beijing, China

Chen,

Tang,

2024

Preprint

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“…Petrolina is located in the São Francisco Valley, in the Northeast Region of Brazil. It is considered a hyperendemic region for VL, with a mean incidence rate of 4.4 human cases per 100,000 inhabitants between 2007 and 2017 10 , in addition to very high Leishmania positivity in dogs 11 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Blood parasite load by qPCR as therapeutic monitoring in visceral leishmaniasis patients in Brazil: a case series study

Aquino

Diniz

Nunes

et al. 2023

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Background: This study aimed to describe the kinetics of Leishmania parasite load determined using kinetoplast DNA (kDNA)-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. Methods: Parasite load in blood was assessed by qPCR at five time points, up to 12 months post-diagnosis. Sixteen patients were followed up. Results: A significant reduction in the parasite load was observed after treatment ( P < 0.0001). One patient had an increased parasite load 3 months post-treatment and relapsed clinically at month six. Conclusions: We have described the use of kDNA-based qPCR in the post-treatment follow-up of VL cases.

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Feline leishmaniasis in an animal shelter in northeastern Brazil: Clinical aspects, coinfections, molecular detection, and serological study of a new recombinant protein

Nascimento,

Amado-Gomes,

Dantas-Torres

et al. 2024

Research in Veterinary Science

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Comparison of serological and molecular tests to investigate Leishmania spp. infections in stray dogs from an area of intense visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Brazil

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Seasonal Prevalence and Risk Factors of canine Leishmania Infection in Beijing, China

Seasonal Prevalence and Risk Factors of canine Leishmania Infection in Beijing, China

Blood parasite load by qPCR as therapeutic monitoring in visceral leishmaniasis patients in Brazil: a case series study

Feline leishmaniasis in an animal shelter in northeastern Brazil: Clinical aspects, coinfections, molecular detection, and serological study of a new recombinant protein

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