Comparison of semen characteristics and sperm cryopreservation in common marmoset (<i>Callithrix jacchus</i>) and black‐tufted‐ear marmoset (<i>Callithrix penicillata</i>)

J of Medical Primatology

Teixeira

et al. 2019

Self Cite

Background The southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) is an endangered Neotropical primate. Semen collection and description of its traits, as well as testicular morphometry, have never been reported for this species. Methods Testicles from five healthy adult captive southern muriqui were measured, and semen was collected by rectal probe electrostimulation (RPE). Results and Conclusions A solid coagulum was identified in all ejaculates, and none of them liquefied, spontaneously or non‐spontaneously. It was possible to collect semen using RPE, and although solids coagula did not liquefy, we managed to describe ejaculates characteristics and also confirmed that southern muriqui have relatively large testes size. Further investigations are needed to improve coagulum handling, to achieve a better spermatozoa recovery aiming its application in assisted reproductive technologies.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular volume and semen characteristics in the endangered southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides)

J of Medical Primatology

Teixeira

et al. 2019

Self Cite

“…Animals were physically restrained and had their genital region washed with water at 37°C. After inspection and palpation of the testicles, ejaculates were obtained by penile vibrostimulation using an adapted hand‐held personal vibrator (FertiCare® personal, Multicept ApS, Rungsted, Denmark) as previously described for marmosets (Arakaki, Nichi et al, ). Such methodology has been successfully applied for semen collection in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Arakaki, Salgado et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, 5 of the 25 most endangered primate species in the world live in the Neotropics (Schwitzer et al, ), and yet no standard sperm cryopreservation protocols have been described for these species. In the literature a few studies have investigated sperm freezing in species like squirrel monkeys, spider monkeys, howler monkey, capuchin monkey, marmosets, and tamarins (Arakaki, Nichi et al, ; Carvalho, ; Denis, Poindexter, Ritter, Seager, & Deter, ; Leão et al, ; Morrell et al, ; O'Brien, Hollinshead, Evans, Evans, & Maxwell, ; Oliveira et al, ; Oliveira, Leão, Almeida, Santos, & Domingues, ; Sankai, Tsuchiya, Ogonuki, Cho, & Yoshikawa, ; Silva et al, ; Yeoman, Ricker, Hossain, & Abee, ). However, the variety of protocols and their respective outcomes (Table ) makes it difficult to reach a consensus regarding an ideal method designed to routinely cryopreserve sperm from these primates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Egg yolk‐based extenders have been widely used to freeze sperm from Neotropical species, whereas glycerol has been the cryoprotectant of choice. (Arakaki, Nichi et al, ; Carvalho, ; Denis et al, ; Leão et al, ; Morrell et al, ; O'Brien et al, ; Oliveira et al, ; Sankai et al, ; Silva et al, ; Yeoman et al, ). To that extent, there are several commercial options of egg yolk‐based extenders mixed with glycerol whose use brings a number of advantages in comparison to in‐house prepared extenders (e.g., standardization, practicality, and no need of laboratory equipment and facilities for extender production).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semen cryopreservation in golden‐headed lion tamarin,Leontopithecus chrysomelas

Losano

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

Self Cite

Wild animal genetic resource banking (GRB) represents a valuable tool in conservation breeding programs, particularly in cases involving endangered species such as the golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). Thus, we aimed to assess a sperm freezing protocol for golden-headed lion tamarins using two different exenders: BotuBOV ® (BB) and Test Yolk Buffer ® (TYB). Ejaculates were collected by penile vibrostimulation from animals housed at São Paulo Zoological Park Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil, and after immediate analysis, two aliquots were diluted in BB and TYB. Postthawing samples were evaluated for total and progressive motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, mitochondrial activity, susceptibility to oxidative stress, and sperm-egg-binding. No differences between BB and TYB were found for most seminal parameters, except for acrosome integrity and susceptibility to oxidative stress (in both cases BB showed higher values). However, in spite of these differences and regardless of the extender used, postthaw sperm motility and viability with the described protocol were encouraging (on average >50% and >80%, respectively), indicating that sperm cryopreservation may be a short-term measure for the conservation of golden-headed lion tamarins. K E Y W O R D S assisted reproductive technology, Callitrichidae, neotropical primates, semen extenders, sperm freezing

Assessment of different sperm functional tests in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)

Losano

et al. 2019

American J Primatol

The golden‐headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) is an endangered species endemic to Brazil's Atlantic Forest, a shrinking biodiversity hotspot. As in other Neotropical primates, its semen characteristics and freezability are poorly studied. Hence, reproductive technologies for callitrichids would greatly benefit from reliable methods of semen analysis. In a bid to promote reproductive research in tamarins, we validated simple and inexpensive sperm function tests that can be used to monitor sperm‐egg binding, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and DNA fragmentation. Ejaculates from adult males were individually diluted and divided into control and damage‐induced aliquots, and then samples comprising assorted amounts of damaged spermatozoa were examined by organelle‐specific tests. Our findings showed that sperm‐binding in chicken egg perivitelline membrane (EPM) positively correlated with the number of spermatozoa injured by snap‐freezing. Eosin‐nigrosin (EN) and propidium iodide readings were correlated with each other, and both provided robust measurements of plasma membrane integrity. A high correlation between expected and measured amounts of acrosome‐intact spermatozoa was found using Fast Green‐Rose Bengal (FG‐RB), Coomassie Blue (CB), and FITC‐PSA stains, and all three methods exhibited comparable results. Likewise, different percentages of UV‐irradiated spermatozoa were accurately assessed for DNA integrity by Toluidine Blue (TB) and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) tests. Comparisons between 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine (DAB) and JC‐1 stains also indicated the reliability of the former assay to ascertain gradual increases in spermatozoa with greater mitochondrial function. These data confirmed that different parts of the tamarin spermatozoa can be simply and consistently evaluated by EPM, EN, FG‐RB, CB, TB, and DAB protocols.