Comparison of self-report and clinician-rated schizotypal traits in schizotypal personality disorder and community controls

Chan, Chi Chuen; Bulbena-Cabré, Andrea; Rutter, Sarah; Benavides, Caridad; McClure, Margaret M.; Calabrese, William; Rosell, Daniel R.; Koenigsberg, Harold W.; Goodman, Marianne; New, Antonia S.; Hazlett, Erin A.; Perez‐Rodriguez, M. Mercedes

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.050

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, previous studies have shown a good test–retest reliability of PDI 12 , 53 , a scale specifically designed for self-rating. Apart from this, self-reported assessments of a related construct of has previously been shown to acceptably match the ones done by clinicians 54 . Another limitation is a cross-sectional nature of the employed assessments of delusion proneness, which does not capture the potential dynamics of the investigated trait.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

COVID-19 conspiracy ideation is associated with the delusion proneness trait and resistance to update of beliefs

Acar

Horntvedt

Cabrera

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The rapid spread of conspiracy ideas associated with the recent COVID-19 pandemic represents a major threat to the ongoing and coming vaccination programs. Yet, the cognitive factors underlying the pandemic-related conspiracy beliefs are not well described. We hypothesized that such cognitive style is driven by delusion proneness, a trait phenotype associated with formation of delusion-like beliefs that exists on a continuum in the normal population. To probe this hypothesis, we developed a COVID-19 conspiracy questionnaire (CCQ) and assessed 577 subjects online. Their responses clustered into three factors that included Conspiracy, Distrust and Fear/Action as identified using principal component analysis. We then showed that CCQ (in particular the Conspiracy and Distrust factors) related both to general delusion proneness assessed with Peter’s Delusion Inventory (PDI) as well as resistance to belief update using a Bias Against Disconfirmatory Evidence (BADE) task. Further, linear regression and pathway analyses suggested a specific contribution of BADE to CCQ not directly explained by PDI. Importantly, the main results remained significant when using a truncated version of the PDI where questions on paranoia were removed (in order to avoid circular evidence), and when adjusting for ADHD- and autistic traits (that are known to be substantially related to delusion proneness). Altogether, our results strongly suggest that pandemic-related conspiracy ideation is associated with delusion proneness trait phenotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

COVID-19 conspiracy ideation is associated with the delusion proneness trait and resistance to update of beliefs

Acar

Horntvedt

Cabrera

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…This also resulted in a small number of “schizotypy incongruent” individuals that were not examined at all at follow-up. Second, we assessed schizotypy only with a self-report scale, which is widely used but was recently reported not to be fully concordant with interview-based assessments ( 151 ). Third, although we examined the subjective state of mood and feelings on the day of testing, we did not include these data in our regression analyses (this would increase the complexity of our models to a level that could not be justified by the current sample sizes) and we did not examine other factors (e.g., anxiety or discontentment on a daily basis) that might have interfered with the participants' performance, especially since the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Functioning and Schizotypy: A Four-Years Study

2021

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Although there is ample evidence from cross-sectional studies indicating cognitive deficits in high schizotypal individuals that resemble the cognitive profile of schizophrenia-spectrum patients, there is still lack of evidence by longitudinal/follow-up studies. The present study included assessments of schizotypal traits and a wide range of cognitive functions at two time points (baseline and 4-years assessments) in order to examine (a) their stability over time, (b) the predictive value of baseline schizotypy on cognition at follow-up and (c) differences in cognition between the two time points in high negative schizotypal and control individuals. Only high negative schizotypal individuals were compared with controls due to the limited number of participants falling in the other schizotypal groups at follow-up. Seventy participants (mean age: 36.17; 70% females) were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Schizotypal traits were evaluated with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. We found that schizotypal traits decreased over time, except in a sub-group of participants (“schizotypy congruent”) that includes individuals who consistently meet normative criteria of inclusion in either a schizotypal or control group. In these individuals, negative schizotypy and aspects of cognitive-perceptual and disorganized schizotypy remained stable. The stability of cognitive functioning also varied over time: response inhibition, aspects of cued attention switching, set-shifting and phonemic/semantic verbal fluency improved at follow-up. High negative schizotypy at baseline predicted poorer response inhibition and semantic switching at follow-up while high disorganized schizotypy predicted poorer semantic processing and complex processing speed/set-shifting. The between-group analyses revealed that response inhibition, set-shifting and complex processing speed/set-shifting were poorer in negative schizotypals compared with controls at both time points, while maintaining set and semantic switching were poorer only at follow-up. Taken together, the findings show differential stability of the schizotypal traits over time and indicate that different aspects of schizotypy predict a different pattern of neuropsychological task performance during a 4-years time window. These results are of significant use in the formulation of targeted early-intervention strategies for high-risk populations.

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“…As this ongoing study has oversampled for specific disorders, the data have higher-than-average representation with respect to IED (23.3%), borderline PD (32.7%), schizotypal PD (21.6%), and paranoid PD (21.8%), which is well-suited for the present analyses. This is the first study to present analyses with this full data set; however, recent studies have used subsets of these data (Chan et al, 2019; Sher et al, 2019; Velikonja et al, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of antagonism: A hierarchical model of self- and interview-rated psychopathology.

Calabrese¹,

López²,

Koenigsberg³

et al. 2023

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

Self Cite

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Recent initiatives in the empirically based classification of psychopathology, namely, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), have made significant strides in addressing the limitations of traditional taxonomies (i.e., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, International Classification of Diseases). The current study aimed to extend this work by helping to clarify the lower order structure of an understudied dimension of psychopathology-antagonism (i.e., HiTOP antagonistic externalizing spectrum)-a core feature of many externalizing disorders and related to important outcomes such as interpersonal problems, childhood conduct problems, and incarceration. We examined the hierarchical structure of several measures of antagonistic externalizing features across both self-report and clinical interview ratings for 2,279 community participants with a diverse range of personality pathology ($75% with a personality disorder) and antagonistic behaviors ($30% with intermittent explosive disorder). Exploratory structural equation modeling was used to account for the shared variance between variables within self-report and interview methods. Results revealed an optimal lower order structure consisting of six factors labeled Antisociality, Anger, Hostility, Narcissism, Mistrust, and Attention Seeking. Factor scores yielded expected relations with self-report and interview ratings of psychopathology, personality, and childhood trauma. Implications for future research in classification and treatment of psychopathology are discussed.

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Comparison of self-report and clinician-rated schizotypal traits in schizotypal personality disorder and community controls

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

COVID-19 conspiracy ideation is associated with the delusion proneness trait and resistance to update of beliefs

COVID-19 conspiracy ideation is associated with the delusion proneness trait and resistance to update of beliefs

Cognitive Functioning and Schizotypy: A Four-Years Study

The structure of antagonism: A hierarchical model of self- and interview-rated psychopathology.

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