Comparison of sea turtle thrombocyte aggregation to human platelet aggregation in whole blood

Soslau, Gerald; Prest, Phillip J.; Class, Reiner; George, Robert H.; Paladino, Frank V.; Violetta, Gary

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.08.006

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thrombocyte counts have not previously been described for leatherbacks; other studies have evaluated their functions, which are similar to bird and mammalian platelets [36], [57], [58]. Few studies report thrombocyte counts in sea turtles in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Health Status Correlates with Nest Success of Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) from Florida

et al. 2012

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Of the seven sea turtle species, the critically endangered leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) exhibits the lowest and most variable nest success (i.e., hatching success and emergence success) for reasons that remain largely unknown. In an attempt to identify or rule out causes of low reproductive success in this species, we established the largest sample size (n = 60–70 for most values) of baseline blood parameters (protein electrophoresis, hematology, plasma biochemistry) for this species to date. Hematologic, protein electrophoretic and biochemical values are important tools that can provide information regarding the physiological condition of an individual and population health as a whole. It has been proposed that the health of nesting individuals affects their reproductive output. In order to establish correlations with low reproductive success in leatherback sea turtles from Florida, we compared maternal health indices to hatching success and emergence success of their nests. As expected, hatching success (median = 57.4%) and emergence success (median = 49.1%) in Floridian leatherbacks were low during the study period (2007–2008 nesting seasons), a trend common in most nesting leatherback populations (average global hatching success = ∼50%). One protein electrophoretic value (gamma globulin protein) and one hematologic value (red blood cell count) significantly correlated with hatching success and emergence success. Several maternal biochemical parameters correlated with hatching success and/or emergence success including alkaline phosphatase activity, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, calcium∶phosphorus ratio, carbon dioxide, cholesterol, creatinine, and phosphorus. Our results suggest that in leatherbacks, physiological parameters correlate with hatching success and emergence success of their nests. We conclude that long-term and comparative studies are needed to determine if certain individuals produce nests with lower hatching success and emergence success than others, and if those individuals with evidence of chronic suboptimal health have lower reproductive success.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Health Status Correlates with Nest Success of Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) from Florida

et al. 2012

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“…Even if these thrombocytes have the same response to biological activators as do mammalian platelets, the repair of injured capillaries and arterioles would be impaired and bleeding times might be delayed due to a reduced probability of the thrombocyte contacting the site of injury in the vessel wall. However, this is not the case, whereas thrombocytes are activated by fewer biological activators than platelets (Lewis, ; Soslau et al, ) and are less efficient aggregating elements (Schmaier et al, ), these vertebrates have a very reactive coagulation system that, like the mammalian pathway, catalytically converts fibrinogen to polymerizing fibrin for clot formation (Jagadeeswaran, Kulkarni, Carrillo, & Kim, ; Lewis, ; Soslau, Wallace, et al, ). Many of the coagulation factors in the blood of five sea turtle species can replace coagulation factors in human blood deficient in specific coagulation factors to achieve near‐normal clotting times (Soslau, Wallace, et al, ) and coagulation factors corresponding to mammalian factors have been reported in zebrafish (Jagadeeswaran et al, ) and numerous other nonmammalian vertebrates (Lewis, ).…”

Section: Coagulation/hemostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…α‐Thrombin is generated from prothrombin at the site of tissue injury and is a major component of the coagulation cascade as well as a platelet activator at PAR‐1/4 human platelet membrane receptors (Kahn et al, ; Soslau, Goldenberg, Class, Jameson, ; Vu, Hung, Wheaton, & Coughlin, ). Thrombocytes from nonmammalian vertebrates do not respond to ADP and most do not respond quickly, or significantly to thrombin or collagen (Lewis, ; Soslau et al, ). Sea‐turtle thrombocytes aggregate slowly to collagen and are nonresponsive to α‐ or γ‐thrombin, trypsin or ADP, however, they do aggregate with β‐thrombin a further proteolytic product of α‐thrombin (Soslau et al, ).…”

Section: Coagulation/hemostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hemostatic processes in invertebrates are very variable from one life form to another, however, most involve a cell‐based process with, or without a coagulation pathway (Levin, ). All nonmammalian vertebrates have at least two cell types in their blood that circulate in a closed system, the nucleated RBC and thrombocyte (platelet equivalent; Levin, ; Lewis, ; Soslau et al, ). Hemostasis in all vertebrates involves both cellular and noncellular pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of the red blood cell and platelet in the evolution of mammalian and avian endothermy

Soslau

2019

J Exp Zool Pt B

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This review presents evidence to support the hypothesis that the reduced O2 during the Permian/Triassic period was the impetus for the evolutionary selection of endothermic animals. The evolution of smaller red blood cells with greater surface areas along with increased: capillary density, capillary surface area, hematocrits, blood pressure, blood flow rates, and shear rates were critical for efficient gas exchange in endothermy. The evolution of the four‐chambered mammalian/avian heart allowed for low pulmonary and high systemic blood pressure. It is proposed that hypoxia‐induced angiogenesis led to increased vascularization in endothermic animals. The increased blood pressure, flow rates, and shear forces likely required changes in hemostatic mechanisms that were met in mammals by the evolution of anucleate platelets. The evolution of mammals and birds occurred in a parallel fashion with further genetic changes to anucleate RBCs/platelets occurring in mammals. Although it is possible that the evolution of endothermy in birds and mammals occurred as two independent events, it is more likely that a common ancestor developed genetic mutations that laid down the road map for parallel alterations of their cardiovascular system in response to environmental pressures. Model systems to support the proposed changes from ectotherm to endotherm were developed from published data. The evolutionary development of endothermy occurred over millions of years with a continuum of genetic alterations that involved skeletal, soft tissue, cardiovascular macrochanges along with numerous molecular alterations. Genetic signals and potential regulators for the evolutionary changes of endothermic blood cells from their bipotential stem cells are also proposed.

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“…This rapid coagulation is due in part to thrombocytes and the lack of release of an ADP molecule, a unique hemostatic developmental characteristic found in sea turtles (but not in mammals) (Dessauer 1970, Soslau et al 2005. Because of this rapid coagulation, SIA of sea turtle blood requires the near-immediate centrifugation of blood after collection, a capability often hampered by the logistically challenging field conditions under which studies of marine organisms are often conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of blood anticoagulants on stable isotope values of sea turtle blood tissue

Lemons¹,

Eguchi²,

Lyon³

et al. 2012

Aquat. Biol.

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Comparison of sea turtle thrombocyte aggregation to human platelet aggregation in whole blood

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Maternal Health Status Correlates with Nest Success of Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) from Florida

Maternal Health Status Correlates with Nest Success of Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) from Florida

The role of the red blood cell and platelet in the evolution of mammalian and avian endothermy

Effects of blood anticoagulants on stable isotope values of sea turtle blood tissue

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