Comparison of Scapular Position in Overhead- and Nonoverhead-Throwing Athletes Using the Pectoralis Minor Length Test

McClain, Matthew; Tucker, William S.; Hornor, Stephen D.

doi:10.3928/19425864-20110429-01

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…McClain et al noted protracted resting scapular posture in the dominant arms of overhead versus non-overhead athletes, attributed to PM shortening. 69 Other kinematic studies of overhead athletes showed similar results, with the dominant arm assuming protracted and anteriorly tilted superior scapular resting position. 80,85 Cools et al further found PM shortening in the dominant arms of elite adolescent tennis players.…”

Section: Thoracic Outlet Anatomy and Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“… 49 This pathologic cascade is especially prevalent and limiting for overhead athletes. McClain et al 69 noted protracted resting scapular posture in the dominant arms of overhead vs. nonoverhead athletes, attributed to PM shortening. Other kinematic studies of overhead athletes showed similar results, with the dominant arm assuming protracted and anteriorly tilted superior scapular resting position.…”

Section: Thoracic Outlet Anatomy and Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pectoralis minor syndrome – review of pathoanatomy, diagnosis, and management of the primary cause of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome

Ahmed

Graf

Karzon

et al. 2022

JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques

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Section: Thoracic Outlet Anatomy and Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Thoracic Outlet Anatomy and Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pectoralis minor syndrome – review of pathoanatomy, diagnosis, and management of the primary cause of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome

Ahmed

Graf

Karzon

et al. 2022

JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques

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“…6 One of the most important soft tissue changes related to scapular dyskinesis is shortening of the pectoralis minor, 2,11 which is attributed to adaptive changes in pectoralis minor muscle tension due to repetitive scapular protraction during overhead motion. 12 A relatively short pectoralis minor has been reported on the dominant side of healthy overhead athletes 12,13 and is associated with altered scapular kinematics during shoulder elevation, as demonstrated in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS). 14 Correcting scapular dyskinesis and its associated soft tissue changes is recommended as an effective approach to injury prevention in overhead athletes, 1,9 and rigid 15,16 and Kinesio 17,18 taping are widely used for this purpose.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Taping to Improve Scapular Dyskinesis, Scapular Upward Rotation, and Pectoralis Minor Length in Overhead Athletes

Özer

Karabay

Yeşilyaprak

2018

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Deviations in scapular motions and subsequent alterations in associated soft tissues are thought to contribute to overuse shoulder injuries in overhead athletes. Whereas rigid and Kinesio taping are recommended for preventing these injuries, high-level evidence from clinical trials is still needed. Objective To determine and compare the short-term effects of rigid and Kinesio taping on scapular dyskinesis, scapular upward rotation, and pectoralis minor length in asymptomatic overhead athletes. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Athletic training rooms. Patients or Other Participants Seventy-two elite asymptomatic overhead athletes (age = 17.00 ± 4.09 years, height = 1.75 ± 0.11 m, mass = 67.26 ± 15.25 kg, body mass index = 21.80 ± 3.00). Intervention(s) We randomly assigned participants to 1 of 4 groups: rigid taping, Kinesio taping, placebo, or control (no taping). For the first 3 groups, we applied tape to the shoulder and scapular region. Main Outcome Measure(s) We evaluated all groups for observable scapular dyskinesis using the scapular dyskinesis test, scapular upward rotation using a digital inclinometer, and pectoralis minor length using the pectoralis minor index at baseline, immediately after taping, and at 60 to 72 hours after taping. Results The scapular dyskinesis percentage (P < .05) decreased and the pectoralis minor index (P < .001) increased immediately and at 60 to 72 hours after taping in the rigid-taping and Kinesio-taping groups. We observed no differences among groups for the change in the pectoralis minor index (P > .05). Scapular upward rotation did not change after taping in any group (P > .05). Conclusions Rigid or Kinesio taping of the shoulder and scapular region improved scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis minor length but did not alter scapular upward rotation. Short-term rigid and Kinesio taping may help improve scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis minor length in overhead athletes.

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“…Tightness of the pectoralis minor can occur for a variety of reasons ranging from repetitive overhead motions of sports, such as baseball and tennis, 4,5 to chronically sustained aberrant postural positions, such as a slouched position. 15 This tightness has been associated with shoulder pain and specific pathologies, such as subacromial impingement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, shortening of this muscle can cause the scapula to assume a more internally rotated and anteriorly tilted position, 1,2 as well as increase forward head and thoracic kyphosis angles. 1,3 Unfortunately, adaptive shortening of this muscle can be common in overhead athletes 4,5 and nonathletes 2 alike. Pectoralis minor shortening has been associated with shoulder pain and pathology [6][7][8][9] and is therefore often targeted during preventative injury programs and various rehabilitation protocols.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Pectoralis Minor Self-Mobilization on Shoulder Motion and Posture: A Blinded and Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study in Asymptomatic Individuals

Laudner¹,

Thorson²

2020

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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Context: Tightness of the pectoralis minor is a common characteristic that has been associated with aberrant posture and shoulder pathology. Determining conservative treatment techniques for maintaining and lengthening this muscle is critical. Although some gross stretching techniques have been proven effective, there are currently no empirical data regarding the effectiveness of self-myofascial release for treating tightness of this muscle. Objective: To determine the acute effectiveness of a self-myofascial release with movement technique of the pectoralis minor for improving shoulder motion and posture among asymptomatic individuals. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Orthopedic rehabilitation clinic. Participants: A total of 21 physically active, college-aged individuals without shoulder pain volunteered to participate in this study. Main Outcome Measures: Glenohumeral internal rotation, external rotation, and flexion range of motion (ROM), pectoralis minor length, and forward scapular posture were measured in all participants. The intervention group received one application of a self-soft-tissue mobilization of the pectoralis minor with movement. The placebo group completed the same motions as the intervention group, but with minimal pressure applied to the xiphoid process. Separate analyses of covariance were used to determine differences between groups (P < .05). Results: Separate analyses of covariance showed that the self-mobilization group had significantly more flexion ROM, pectoralis minor length, and less forward scapular posture posttest than the placebo group. However, the difference in forward scapular posture may not be clinically significant. No differences were found between groups for external or internal rotation ROM. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that an acute self-myofascial release with movement is effective for improving glenohumeral flexion ROM and pectoralis minor length, and may assist with forward scapular posture. Clinicians should consider this self-mobilization in the prevention and rehabilitation of pathologies associated with shortness of the pectoralis minor.

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Comparison of Scapular Position in Overhead- and Nonoverhead-Throwing Athletes Using the Pectoralis Minor Length Test

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Pectoralis minor syndrome – review of pathoanatomy, diagnosis, and management of the primary cause of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome

Pectoralis minor syndrome – review of pathoanatomy, diagnosis, and management of the primary cause of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome

Taping to Improve Scapular Dyskinesis, Scapular Upward Rotation, and Pectoralis Minor Length in Overhead Athletes

Acute Effects of Pectoralis Minor Self-Mobilization on Shoulder Motion and Posture: A Blinded and Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study in Asymptomatic Individuals

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