Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva samples in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases

Bhatta, Anuja; Henkhaus, Rebecca S.; Fehling, Heather L.

doi:10.1101/2021.02.12.21251229

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Meta-analysis from the current study showed that the mean SARS-CoV-2 loads in saliva of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients are comparable as revealed by C T values and also shown by other authors [86][87][88]. Similar viral loads have been also found in other fuids (NPS, OPS, and sputum) [89,90].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Human Saliva to Oropharyngeal Swabs, Nasopharyngeal Swabs, and Sputum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Faruque,

Bikker,

Laine

2023

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in human saliva and compared it with the loads in oropharyngeal swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs, and sputum. In addition, the salivary viral loads of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients were compared. Searches were conducted using four electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, for studies published on SARS-CoV-2 loads expressed by CT values or copies/mL RNA. Three reviewers evaluated the included studies to confirm eligibility and assessed the risk of bias. A total of 37 studies were included. Mean CT values in saliva ranged from 21.5 to 39.6 and mean copies/mL RNA ranged from 1.91 × 101 to 6.98 × 1011. Meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 load in saliva compared to oropharyngeal swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs, and sputum. In addition, no significant differences were observed in the salivary viral load of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. We conclude that saliva specimen can be used as an alternative for SARS-CoV-2 detection in oropharyngeal swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs, and sputum.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Human Saliva to Oropharyngeal Swabs, Nasopharyngeal Swabs, and Sputum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Faruque,

Bikker,

Laine

2023

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…In contrast, Bhatta A et al . [ 39 ] reported high viral load in only 21.5 % of saliva samples. The majority (78 %) of stool samples had a low viral load and the rest 22 % had a medium viral load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva, stool, and urine samples of COVID-19 patients in Bihar, India

Meghna,

Archana,

Bhushan

et al. 2024

Access Microbiology

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Introduction. The coronavirus illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 can cause multiple organ involvement, with varying degrees of severity. Besides inhalation as a route for transmission, feco-oral has also been proposed. Its transmission to sewage systems is a growing public health issue. Objective. To detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in non-respiratory samples (saliva, urine, and stool) collected from COVID-19 cases, in Bihar. Methods. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from January 2021 to March 2022 on human non-respiratory samples. A total of 345 samples including saliva (116), stool (97), and urine (132) were collected from 143 COVID-19 cases. Samples were analysed for SARS-CoV-2 by multiplex RT-PCR targeted against E, ORF 1ab, and RdRp genes. Results. In this study, out of 143 cases, a total of 107 (74.8 %) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in at least one of the non-respiratory samples. Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in non-respiratory samples.

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“…On the other hand, our conclusion is supported by another study, in which significantly larger numbers of samples were analyzed. 28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva Testing is a Robust Non-Invasive Method for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection

Paliksa¹,

Lopeta²,

Belevičius³

et al. 2021

IDR

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The precise diagnostic testing is of high importance in fighting the coronavirus pandemic. While nasopharyngeal (NP) swab testing is currently the gold standard, the SARS-CoV-2 virus could be also detected in some other body fluids. In this study, we aimed to compare the SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection results, obtained using saliva samples and NP swab samples, collected from infected patients and healthy volunteers. Patients and Methods: A total of 111 individuals were enrolled in this study: 53 healthy volunteers, participating in routine testing and 58 COVID-19 patients. Diagnosis for both groups was confirmed using a set of diagnostic CE-IVD labeled RT-qPCR kits. Most of the saliva samples were collected within 48 hours after the NP swabs were taken. RNA was purified from saliva samples and analyzed using a laboratory-developed kit (Diagnolita). Detection results for both sample types were compared and analyzed in terms of result agreement, Ct variation, and quantity of internal control, as well as population analysis. Results: We found a good concordance between the NP swab and saliva samples. The positive percent agreement was 98.28% (CI 90.76-99.96%) and negative percent agreement was 98.11% (CI 89.93-99.95%). Additionally, we observed a statistically significant (p<0.05) and moderately strong (R = 0.53) correlation between Ct values in saliva and NP swab samples. The saliva collection method is more robust since the Ct variation of internal control ribonuclease P mRNA detection is lower in saliva samples. Conclusion: Saliva sample testing is a robust and reliable non-invasive alternative to the NP swab method for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, as well as a promising tool for COVID-19 screening.

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Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva samples in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Human Saliva to Oropharyngeal Swabs, Nasopharyngeal Swabs, and Sputum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Human Saliva to Oropharyngeal Swabs, Nasopharyngeal Swabs, and Sputum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in saliva, stool, and urine samples of COVID-19 patients in Bihar, India

Saliva Testing is a Robust Non-Invasive Method for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection

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