Comparison of sampling methods for the assessment of indoor microbial exposure

Frankel, Mika; Timm, Michael; Hansen, Erik W.; Madsen, Anne Mette

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00770.x

Cited by 117 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Generally, there are no uniformly accepted, or validated, quantitative environmental sampling methods to assess exposure to mould and other agents associated with damp indoor environments (ACGIH, 2009;Frankel et al, 2012a). Andersen Impactor and Biotest RCS High Flow air samplers are widely used to detect and quantify bioaerosols, identify bioaerosol release from sources, assessment of human exposure to biological agents, and monitor the effectiveness of control measures (Li, 2011;Saldanha and Manno, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne culturable fungi in naturally ventilated primary school environments in a subtropical climate

Salonen

Duchaine

Mazaheri

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne culturable fungi in naturally ventilated primary school environments in a subtropical climate

Salonen

Duchaine

Mazaheri

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Several studies have suggested that in environments like homes [35], university buildings [37], schools [6] and day-care centers [4], the main source of airborne bacteria indoors are humans and human activities. Bacterial exposure levels in homes are influenced by many factors, including, for example, relative humidity of indoor air and seasons during the year [22,44]. Moisture has a great influence on fungal growth and bacterial viability [59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of dwelling characteristics on concentrations of bacteria, fungi, endotoxin and total inflammatory potential in settled dust

Spilak

Madsen

Knudsen

et al. 2015

Building and Environment

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(2015). Impact of dwelling characteristics on concentrations of bacteria, fungi, endotoxin and total inflammatory potential in settled dust. Building and Environment, 93(1), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.03.031 General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at vbn@aub.aau.dk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. a b s t r a c tIndoor air in homes contains a variety of organic agents such as bacteria, endotoxin and fungi. Epidemiological studies have shown links between these components and respiratory problems and the development of allergies. Twenty-eight dwellings located in the Greater Copenhagen area in Denmark were investigated in this study. Temperature, relative humidity and air exchange rate were measured. Dwelling characteristics including floor area, volume of the living room, floor material, year of construction of buildings and floor level were collected. The microbial exposure was measured by quantifying fungi, bacteria and endotoxin concentration in airborne dust collected by Electrostatic Dust fall Collectors (EDCs). The Total Inflammatory Potential (TIP) of the dust was also measured.Significantly higher concentrations of fungi were found in dwellings with high relative humidity (p ¼ 0.03), larger room volume (p ¼ 0.03) and in dwellings located on the second floor or higher (p ¼ 0.02). Small floor area per person and low air exchange rate were significantly associated with increased concentrations of bacteria (both p < 0.01). Spring season (p ¼ 0.01), buildings constructed before the 20th century (p ¼ 0.09) and wooden floor (p ¼ 0.03) were associated with high TIP.In conclusion, people living in smaller dwellings or in dwellings on upper floors are at higher risk of microbial exposure. While TIP was affected by some dwelling characteristics, it was mainly influenced by season.

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“…Airborne dust measurements from these homes have been reported in another study that compared various dust-sampling methods (7). Therefore, details regarding the choice of homes can be found elsewhere (7).…”

Section: Selection Of Homesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assay has previously been used on bioaerosol samples from biofuel plants (55) and on dust samples from homes (7). It has been shown that cell activation could be related to the multifactorial composition of the bioaerosol and could thus be used as a measurement of the total inflammatory potential (TIP) of a given sample (55).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variations of Indoor Microbial Exposures and Their Relation to Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Air Exchange Rate

Frankel

Bekö

Timm

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

237

185

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. Concentrations of fungi were predominately higher outdoors than indoors, whereas bacteria, endotoxin, and inhalable dust concentrations were highest indoors. Bacteria and endotoxin correlated with the mass of inhalable dust and number of particles. Temperature and air exchange rates were positively associated with fungi and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and negatively with bacteria and the total inflammatory potential. Although temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rates were significantly associated with several indoor microbial exposures, they could not fully explain the observed seasonal variations when tested in a mixed statistical model. In conclusion, the season significantly affects indoor microbial exposures, which are influenced by temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange rates.

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Comparison of sampling methods for the assessment of indoor microbial exposure

Cited by 117 publications

References 30 publications

Airborne culturable fungi in naturally ventilated primary school environments in a subtropical climate

Airborne culturable fungi in naturally ventilated primary school environments in a subtropical climate

Impact of dwelling characteristics on concentrations of bacteria, fungi, endotoxin and total inflammatory potential in settled dust

Seasonal Variations of Indoor Microbial Exposures and Their Relation to Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Air Exchange Rate

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