Comparison of Salivary Cortisol Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Pre-Diabetics with Healthy People

Salehi, Mohammad Gharib; Mesgarani, Abbas; Karimipour, Soosan; Pasha, Shaghayegh Zahed; Kashi, Zahra; Abedian, Saeed; Mousazadeh, Mahmoud; Molania, Tahereh

doi:10.3889/oamjms.2019.340

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Studies show that the prevalence rate of dry mouth is up to 30%–80% in diabetes patients and only 10%–30% in healthy subjects (Carda et al , 2006; Ivanovski et al , 2012; Malicka et al , 2014). Moreover, components of saliva have been reported to be altered in diabetes patients, which may change oral microenvironment and make it susceptible to bacteria (Naseri et al , 2018; Salehi et al , 2019; Tiongco et al , 2019). Reduced salivary flow can cause damage to the oral cavity and induce diseases like dental caries, oral infections, swallowing difficulties, and speaking difficulties, which in turn affect the quality of patient life (Dawes et al , 2015, Marsh et al ., 2016, Mauri‐Obradors et al , 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of tight junctions contributes to hyposalivation of salivary glands in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

et al. 2020

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Tight junction (TJ) plays an important role in regulating paracellular fluid transport in salivary glands; however, little is known about the involvement of TJs in diabetes salivary glands. This study aimed to investigate the alterations of TJs and their possible contribution in diabetes‐induced hyposalivation. Here, we observed that the morphologies of submandibular glands (SMGs) were impaired, characterized by enlarged acini accumulation with giant secretory granules, which were significantly reduced in atrophic ducts in SMGs of db/db mice, a spontaneous model of type‐2 diabetes. However, the secretory granules were increased and scattered in the acini of diabetes parotid glands (PGs). Other ultrastructural damages including swollen mitochondria, expansive endoplasmic reticulum, and autophagosomes were observed in the diabetes group. The levels of TJ proteins including claudin‐1 (Cldn1) and claudin‐3 (Cldn3) were increased, whereas those of claudin‐4 (Cldn4), occludin (Ocln), and zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) were decreased in SMGs of db/db mice. Higher Cldn1 and Cldn3 and lower claudin‐10 (Cldn10) and Ocln levels were observed in PGs of diabetes mice. Taken together, the structures of SMGs and PGs were impaired in diabetes mice, and the disruption of TJ integrity in both SMGs and PGs may contribute to diabetes‐induced hyposalivation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of tight junctions contributes to hyposalivation of salivary glands in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

et al. 2020

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“…Of the fifteen articles included in this review, twelve studies used a psychometric measure of stress (Table 1) (67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78), five studies measured stress biologically via cortisol (Table 2) (72,74,(79)(80)(81), and two studies assessed stress both psychometrically and biologically (72,74). In total, the studies in this review involved 43,472 individuals, where the weighted mean age of participants was 60.0 years (range 17-82 years) and 45.9% were female.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four articles studied more than one systemic disease outcome (69, 70,73,76). Physical measures, such as BMI, blood samples, and clinical exams, were used to assess 60% of systemic disease outcomes (67,68,72,75,(77)(78)(79)(80)(81), while self-report questionnaires, standardized assessment scales, and interviews were used in 40% of studies (69-71, 73,74,76).…”

Section: Oral and Systemic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burning mouth syndrome was assessed in relation to depression (73). One study used only self-report questionnaires to assess both oral and systemic health outcomes (76), seven used only clinical examinations (67,68,72,75,(79)(80)(81), and seven used a combination of self-report questionnaires and clinical exams (69-71, 73,74,77,78) to assess oral and systemic health outcomes.…”

Section: Oral and Systemic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biopsychosocial factors in oral and systemic diseases: a scoping review

Hensel,

Nicholson,

Anderson

et al. 2024

Front. Oral. Health

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BackgroundThe association between chronic oral diseases and other major systemic health conditions, commonly referred to as the oral-systemic health connection, has been previously studied with several underlying common risk factors and pathways linking both groups of diseases. Psychosocial factors contribute to an increased susceptibility to chronic oral and non-oral diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of psychosocial stress in chronic oral and systemic diseases.MethodsA search strategy was built and a literature search was conducted using four databases (CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO). A combination of search terms related to psychosocial stress, systemic disease, and oral conditions were used. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they included human adults (aged 18 years and older), included psychosocial factors as an exposure measure, and outcome measures of both an oral and systemic condition. Only English-language articles were considered. Pilot testing of the data extraction form and calibration were conducted and data were extracted independently by one researcher.ResultsA total of fifteen articles out of eighty full-text articles screened were determined to be eligible for inclusion in this review. Periodontal disease was the most commonly studied oral disease, measured in 53% of included articles, with the most commonly studied systemic diseases being of mental health conditions (40%) and diabetes (47%). Psychosocial stress was measured using a range of psychometric indicators and/or biomarkers, including perceived stress, individual behaviours, childhood adversity, and cortisol. In total, fourteen studies found a positive association between measures of psychosocial stress and oral-systemic health.ConclusionPsychosocial stress may be a common contributor to both chronic oral and non-oral diseases.

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“…From a physiological perspective, chronic activation of the HPA axis makes it more difficult to control diabetes, as elevated levels of serum cortisol lead to higher levels of blood glucose and lipids in the bloodstream via gluconeogenesis ( Dungan et al, 2009 ). Thus, control of cortisol levels using pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches is an effective way to adjust glucose levels in diabetes patients ( Salehi et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2023

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Background: Aerobic exercise combined with breathing exercise can be an integral part of diabetes mellitus treatment. This single-center, randomized, parallel-group study investigated the effect of the combination of aerobic exercise with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on the glucose and cortisol levels of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight middle-aged women with T2DM (mean age: 45.67 ± 2.92 years) were randomly assigned to either the aerobic training group (AT: n = 29; mean age [46.1 ± 2.7 years]) or the aerobic exercise combined with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation (AT + DMM: n = 29; mean age [45.24 ± 3.14 years]). Aerobic exercise was performed at 60%–75% of the maximum heart rate. The women in each group were asked to perform the training three times weekly over a 6-week period. The duration of each session was 40 min for the AT group and 60 min for the AT + DMM group. The two groups were asked to perform aerobic exercise at 60%–75% of the maximum heart rate. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum cortisol levels were measured at the baseline and after the 6 weeks.Results: Compared with the AT group, the group undertaking 6 weeks of aerobic training combined with slow, deep breathing exercises and mindfulness meditation showed significantly lower levels of FBG (p = 0.001) and cortisol levels (p = 0.01) than the AT group.Conclusion: The addition of slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation to aerobic exercise can better control the glucose and cortisol levels of women with T2DM and thereby improve their outcomes and decrease their cardiometabolic risk.

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Comparison of Salivary Cortisol Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Pre-Diabetics with Healthy People

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Disruption of tight junctions contributes to hyposalivation of salivary glands in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

Disruption of tight junctions contributes to hyposalivation of salivary glands in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

Biopsychosocial factors in oral and systemic diseases: a scoping review

Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial

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