Comparison of Salivary and Serum Soluble CD44 Levels between Patients with Oral SCC and Healthy Controls

Abstract

Background:The most common type of oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma. If it is diagnosed in the early stages; the success of the treatment can be increased. It seems that ELISA-based techniques as a screening tool for society are the most cost-effective methods for early diagnosis. CD44 is a key marker for the detection of SCC stem cells. The aim of this study was to compare the level of soluble CD44 in saliva and serum between patients with oral SCC and healthy controls.Materials and Methods:Saliva and serum were collected from 20 patients with primary OSCC and 20 healthy persons as control group. The samples were evaluated by an ELISA test kit. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22, chi-square, ANOVA, T-test and Spearman correlation test.Results:The mean of soluble CD44 level in serum and saliva of the patient and control groups are 531.51±228.95 and 453.3±113.74 (for serum) and 48.53±59.02 and 17.76±39.14 (for saliva) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in serum and saliva solCD44 level between the patient and control groups (P value = 0.182 and P value = 0.061 respectively). Also, there was no significant correlation between the solCD44 level in each patient and control group in serum (P value = 0.61) and in saliva (P value = 0.445).Conclusions:Determination of solCD44 level in saliva and serum can be a useful method for diagnosis the person’s involvement with cancer cells and the cancer in the early stages. But according to the controversial outcomes of past studies, larger and more accurate studies are needed in groups with more cases of oral cancer.

Predictive Value of Soluble PD-1, PD-L1, VEGFA, CD40 Ligand and CD44 for Nivolumab Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Study

“…However, its prognostic role is yet to be understood [25].Soluble CD44 level in plasma has been positively correlated with tumor burden in gastric cancer patients, and tends to decrease after carcinologic surgery [26]. Salivary and plasmatic detection of sCD44 have been evaluated as potential diagnostic biomarkers for head and neck cancer, but the conclusions are inconsistent [27][28][29]. Finally, preclinical studies suggested that sCD44 may be secreted by tumor cells in triple negative breast cancer and could play a critical role in tumor growth [30].…”

Salivary MMP-9 as a Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Salivary diagnostics has evolved as a dynamic field over the last decade and serves as a part of molecular diagnostics. The non-invasive, inexpensive collection method and easy storage of saliva have made it a feasible modality to predict the diagnosis (Dineshkumar et al, 2016;Nosratzehi et al, 2017;Seyedmajidi et al, 2018) and outcome of oral neoplasms, as well as monitoring the post-therapy prognosis of OSCC (Gutiérrez-Corrales et al, 2017). This could be possible as most biomarkers present in serum and urine can also be traced in saliva.…”

Overexpression of CD44v8-10 in Colon Polyps—A Possible Key to Early Diagnosis

“…Indeed, future of such diagnostic markers like CD44v8-10 seems to be very much predetermined and limited by available molecular diagnostic techniques. Detection of splice variants of CD44 in body fluids is already happening in several cancers and diseases like bladder cancer, endometriosis, gastric cancer and colon cancer [ 27 , 42 , 43 ] on the other hand detection of CD44 levels in healthy and oral SCC patients saliva and serum was found inconclusive [ 44 ]. Our future research will focus on possible detection of CD44v8-10 and CD44s in exfoliated cells isolated from stool.…”