Comparison of results for body-mounted inertial sensor assessment with final lameness determination in 1,224 equids

Reed, Shannon K.; Kramer, Joanne; Thombs, Lori A.; Pitts, Jael B.; Wilson, David A.; Keegan, Kevin G.

doi:10.2460/javma.256.5.590

Cited by 23 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…It has recently been suggested that asymmetry patterns may be more powerful in identifying lameness than single parameters [22]. We therefore formulated combinations of single parameters based on earlier research describing asymmetry patterns in lame horses [10,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single parameters were calculated both in millimetres and as fraction of vertical ROM by dividing the asymmetry per stride by vertical stride ROM of that anatomical location. Additionally, single parameters were combined to pattern variables formulated in accordance with frequently seen compensatory patterns in fore-or hindlimb lame horses [22,23] . The terms in these formulas are set to be either + -ℎ…”

Section: Kinematic Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Movement asymmetries in horses presented for prepurchase or lameness examination

Hardeman

Egenvall

Bragança

et al. 2021

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background:The increasing popularity of objective gait analysis makes application in prepurchase examinations (PPE) a logical next step. Therefore, there is a need to have more understanding of asymmetry during a PPE in horses described on clinical evaluation as subtly lame.Objectives: To objectively compare asymmetry in horses raising minor vet concerns in a PPE and in horses raising major vet concerns with that found in horses presented with subtle single-limb lameness, and to investigate the effect of age/discipline on the clinicians' interpretation of asymmetry on the classification of minor vet concerns in a PPE. Study design: Clinical case-series.Methods: Horses presented for PPE (n=98) or subjectively evaluated as single limb low-grade (1-2/5) lame (n=24, 13 forelimb lame, 11 hindlimb lame), from the patient population of a single clinic, were enrolled in the study provided that owners were willing to participate. Horses undergoing PPE were assigned a classification of having minor vet concerns (n=84) or major vet concerns (n=14) based on findings during the dynamic-orthopaedic part of the PPE. Lame horses were only included if pain-related lameness was confirmed by an objective improvement after diagnostic analgesia exceeding daily variation determined for equine symmetry parameters using optical motion capture. Clinical evaluation was performed by six different clinicians, each with ≥ 8 years of equine orthopaedic experience. Vertical movement symmetry was measured using optical motion capture, simultaneously with the orthopaedic examination. Data were analysed using previously described parameters and mixed model analysis and least squares means were used to calculate differences between groups.Results: There was no effect of age or discipline on the levels of asymmetry within PPE horses raising minor vet concerns. MinDiff and RUD of the head discriminated between forelimb lame and PPE horses raising minor vet concerns; MinDiff, MaxDiff, RUD of the Pelvis, HHDswing and Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved HHDstance did so for hindlimb lameness. Two lameness patterns differentiated both fore-and hindlimb lame from PPE horses with minor vet concerns: and + ℎ -+ -. Correcting for vertical range of motion enabled differentiation of PPE horses with minor ℎ vet concerns from PPE horses with major vet concerns. Main limitations: Objective data only based on trot on soft surface, limited number of PPE horses with major vet concerns. Conclusions: Combinations of kinematic parameters discriminate between PPE horses with minor vet concerns and subtly lame horses, though overlap exists.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kinematic Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement asymmetries in horses presented for prepurchase or lameness examination

Hardeman

Egenvall

Bragança

et al. 2021

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…9,23,[41][42][43][44] Asymmetry was defined as the difference between the two upward movement amplitudes of head or mid-pelvis between the two steps of one stride (Figure 1), representing the most common lameness pattern 45 also described as impact lameness. 46 This was done separately for forelimb lameness (head movement trajectory modified) and hindlimb lameness (pelvis movement trajectory modified) and resulted in animated clips with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% vertical movement asymmetry.…”

Section: D Animations Of Sound and Lame Horsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gamified perceptual learning on visual detection and discrimination skills in equine gait assessment

et al. 2021

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Background: Visual assessment of equine lameness is an everyday veterinary task suffering from poor diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of the perceptual learning game 'LamenessTrainer' on skill development. Methods: Thirty-six undergraduate veterinary students engaged in four game modules teaching the assessment of fore-and hindlimb lameness. Computer animations of horses in this game displayed 0% (sound) to 70% (moderately lame) vertical movement asymmetry of head and pelvis. Performance, learning effects, diagnostic accuracy, detection thresholds and survey responses were analysed. Results: Following staircase learning, more than 80% of students reliably classified horses with ≥20% asymmetry for forelimb lameness, ≥40% asymmetry for simplified hindlimb lameness and ≥50% asymmetry for realistic hindlimb lameness. During random presentation, on average 82% of sound and 65% of lame horses were assessed correctly during forelimb lameness evaluation, dropping to 39% of sound and 56% of lame horses for hindlimb lameness. Conclusion:In less than two hours, systematic perceptual learning through deliberate practice can develop visual assessment skills to an accuracy level comparable to expert assessors scoring the same animations. Skills should be developed further to improve misclassifications of sound and mildly lame horses, especially for hindlimb lameness evaluation.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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“…In the context of 'unstable' lameness and variable pain perception, lunging horses for 15 to 20 minutes in both directions has been suggested to render lameness more consistent by way of 'warming-up'. 28 Recent evidence showing less measurement variability with increasing repetition supports this approach. 26 However, this was not adopted here but could have been accomplished at the same time as conditioning efforts prior to final data collection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Needle and Extracorporeal Shockwave Stimulation of Acupuncture Points on Equine Chronic Multilimb Lameness Using a Single-Formula Approach

et al. 2022

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Objective The aim of this study was to compare effects with conventional (needle and electroacupuncture, NAP) and shockwave stimulation of acupuncture points (SAP) on chronic multilimb lameness in horses. Study Design Randomized crossover block design; ten mature Standardbred mares with multilimb lameness (< 4/10) underwent 3-weekly point stimulations (NAP/SAP) selected on the basis of their uniform applicability. Groups were reversed following a washout period (9 weeks). Lameness at the trot was video recorded and quantified objectively using an inertial sensor-based system during a 4-week pre- and post-treatment period. Blinded expert review of recordings resulted in subjective qualitative (better, same, or worse) and quantitative outcome measures (0–10 lameness grade). Mixed effect repeated measures analyses were performed on objective quantitative gait parameters specific to fore (Vector sum [VSHead]) and hindlimb lameness (average differences in minimum [DIFFMINPelvis] and maximum pelvic height [DIFFMAXPelvis]) Qualitative data were assessed in non-parametric tests. Results SAP had no effect on forelimb but improved hindlimb lameness (DIFFMINPelvis; p < 0.001). NAP was associated with deterioration of forelimb lameness (VSHead, p < 0.001) and had no effect on hindlimb lameness. VSHead data differed between modalities when accounting for the time of observation (interaction effect; p = 0.002). For other quantitative gait parameters, a difference between modalities was not observed. SAP was associated with greater animal comfort post-treatment compared with pre-treatment assessments (p = 0.036). Typically, improvement occurred by one and deterioration by two lameness grades. Conclusion SAP and NAP were not associated with the same treatment outcome. SAP slightly improved but did not alleviate all lameness. Given the non-invasive nature of SAP, this method may have potential in the management of chronic multilimb lameness.

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Comparison of results for body-mounted inertial sensor assessment with final lameness determination in 1,224 equids

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Movement asymmetries in horses presented for prepurchase or lameness examination

Movement asymmetries in horses presented for prepurchase or lameness examination

Effect of gamified perceptual learning on visual detection and discrimination skills in equine gait assessment

Effect of Needle and Extracorporeal Shockwave Stimulation of Acupuncture Points on Equine Chronic Multilimb Lameness Using a Single-Formula Approach

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