Comparison of restriction enzyme pattern analysis and full gene sequencing of 16S rRNA gene for Nocardia species identification, the first report of Nocardia transvalensis isolated of sputum from Iran, and review of the literature

Abstract

Nocardial infections occur in different organs of the body and are common in immune disorder diseases of individuals. The aim of this study was to assess Nocardia species identification by phenotypic tests and molecular techniques applied to nocardiosis in Iranian patients. In the current study, various clinical samples were collected and cultured on conventional media and using the paraffin baiting method. Various phenotypic tests were performed. For accurate identification at the species level, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in the hsp65 and partial 16S rRNA genes and full gene sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were used. Twenty-seven Nocardia spp. were isolated and analysis of phenotypic tests results showed Nocardia asteroides complex, Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, Nocardia nova, and Nocardia spp. New RFLP patterns of Nocardia strains with hsp65 and partial 16S rRNA genes were obtained. Full gene sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene identified Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, N. otitidiscaviarum, Nocardia farcinica, Nocardia transvalensis, and N. nova. Nocardia infections are rarely reported and this genus is the cause of various illnesses. Accurate identification of Nocardia spp. is important for epidemiology studies and treatment. It should also be noted that some species may have similar RFLP patterns; therefore, full gene sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene is necessary for confirmation.

Nocardia cyriacigeorgica: A Case of Disseminated Infection in an Immunocompromised Patient

“…The lungs are the primary site of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica infection (11). Neocardia cyriageorgica was originally thought to belong to NAC, due to differences in antibiotic susceptibility patterns; now it is considered a separate entity with the advent of newer molecular diagnostic techniques such as 16s-rRNA gene (12) or matrix-assisted laser depression. It is reported that ionization time to combat invasive infection caused by N.cyriageorgica is increasing.…”

Molecular Identification of Nocardia Strains from the Soil by hsp65 Gene: Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and Analysis of Sequence 16S rRNA Gene

“…N. asteroides was the most frequently recovered, followed by N. farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica (9). Other reports have shown N. cyriacigeorgica, N. asteroides complex, N. nova complex, N. otitidiscaviarum, and N. transvalensis in Iran (10)(11)(12)(13). The prevalence of Nocardial infections in another study was 5.28% (6).…”

Genotypic and phenotypic prevalence of Nocardia species in Iran: First systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over years 1992-2021

“…Then based on the abstract evaluation, 55 articles were excluded (3 review articles, 27 case reports, 8 letters to the editor, and 17 were related to non-clinical Nocardia specimens). So, according to quality assessment criteria and inclusion/exclusion criteria data, a remaining 20 most-related articles were included in present study [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Among 20 articles involving a total of 338 Nocardia isolates, the prevalence of Nocardia spp.…”