Comparison of Resistance Rates and Detection of Five Resistance Genes (Bts) in Ten Local Wheat Varieties against Common Bunt Disease

Abstract

Common bunt caused by Tilletia sp. is a very destructive and dangerous seed-borne fungal disease and may cause serious economic losses in worldwide. Wheat cultivars carrying resistance genes are used as an alternative fight method instead of chemical fungicides against common bunt disease. These resistance genes in wheat are called as bt genes. Until today, a few number of bt genes has been detected in wheat by using various molecular markers. However, development of more molecular markers for detection of all bt genes in wheat is required. In this study, detection of five bt genes called as bt -5, bt-8, bt-10, bt-11 and bt-12 was carried in ten registered local wheat varieties (Sertak 52, Bolal 2973, Demir, Kutluk, Harmankaya 99, Pehlivan, Tosun Bey, 4-11, Sönmez 01, Bezostaja-1) using PCR-based molecular markers, microsatellite and RAPD. PCR-amplified fragments were separated on 1.3% agarose gel. The obtained DNA bands were scored as present or absent for detection of bt genes. For comparison, the virulence rates of five Tilletia foetida (syn. leaves) isolates against ten wheat varieties were obtained from our field results. We observed that wheat varieties Kutluk and 4-11 carrying bt-10 and bt11 genes are more resistant to disease in field. -5, bt-8, bt-10, bt-11 and bt-12) tespiti gerçekleştirilmiştir. PCR ile çoğaltılan fragmentler, ethidium bromide (0.5 μg/ml) içeren %1.3'lük agaroz jelde ayrılmıştır. Jeller UV ışık altında gözlenmiş ve dijital olarak fotoğraflanmıştır. Elde edilen DNA bantları bt genleri için var veya yok olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Karşılaştırma yapmak için, 10 buğday çeşidine karşı beş Tilletia foetida (syn. leaves) izolatının hastalık yapma oranı tarla verilerinden elde edilmiştir. Kutluk ve 4-11 gibi bt10 ve bt11 genlerini içeren buğday çeşitlerin tarlada hastalığa karşı daha dirençli oldukları gözlenmiştir. Tüm buğday çeşitlerindeki beş bt geni için analiz sonuçları ve tarladaki direnç oranlarını gösterilmiştir.

Three Selected Edible Crops of the Genus Momordica as Potential Sources of Phytochemicals: Biochemical, Nutritional, and Medicinal Values

“…It is also sauced with shrimp, meat, pork, and chicken and served with gravy. The leaves are mixed with ground peanuts and honey as a sauce in meat (Thakur et al, 2009;Dellavalle et al, 2011;Oronje et al, 2012;Sen and Batra, 2012; Fongod et al, 2014;Talukdar and Hossain, 2014;Bulbul, 2016;Poyraz and Derdovski, 2016;Nitu and Patidar, 2017;Mostafa et al, 2018). M. foetida leaves are used as fodder and protein supplement in some countries and are suitable for increasing rabbits weight (Jabeen and Khanum, 2017).…”

“…The leaves of M. balsamina are an important source of nutrients, including 17 amino acids (Cohen et al, 1998;Hassan and Umar, 2006;Costa et al, 2010;Semenya and Potgieter, 2015). M. balsamina leaves are mixed with peanuts and honey and used as a meat sauce (Dellavalle et al, 2011;Oronje et al, 2012;Sen and Batra, 2012; Fongod et al, 2014;Bulbul, 2016;Poyraz and Derdovski, 2016;Mostafa et al, 2018). The fruit of M. balsamina contains the red, soft flesh that surround the edible seed (Tan C. et al, 2015;Birla, 2016;Devyani et al, 2016;Souda et al, 2018).…”

“…The ripe fruit of M. charantia fruits had been used as a remedy for tumors, asthma, skin infections and hypertension (Semenya and Potgieter, 2015). The seeds are surrounded by sweet red fleshy pulp that is edible tasting like watermelon (Poyraz and Derdovski, 2016). In some parts of West Africa, the leaves of M. charantia are cooked as part of green vegetable soup for post-natal mothers to prevent loss of blood during labor and purify breast milk.…”