Comparison of Research Diagnostic Systems in an Edinburgh Community Sample

Dean, Christine; Surtees, Paul G.; Sashidharan, S. P.

doi:10.1192/bjp.142.3.247

Cited by 220 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To be rated as a 'case' the respondent must have had depressed mood and at least four key symptoms from: hopelessness, suicidal plans or action, weight loss, early waking, delayed sleep, poor concentration, loss of interest, neglect due to brooding, self-depreciation and anergia. The threshold for caseness has been compared to the thresholds for both the ID/CATEGO of the PSE (Wing and Sturt 1978) and the research diagnostic criteria (Spitzer et al 1978) and was found to be somewhat higher (Dean et al 1983).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Depression: Artefact, Alternative Disorders, Biology or Roles?

Nazroo

Edwards

Brown

1998

Sociology Health & Illness

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Women's greater risk of depression is one of the most consistent findings in psychiatric epidemiology. However, the explanation for this difference remains contested. Here possible explanations were tested using a sample of couples where, because they had experienced a life event that was severe for both members, both the woman and man were at risk of depression. There was no evidence to suggest that the higher rage of depression among women in this sample was the result of a measurement artefact. In addition, men were not more likely to develop alternative, externalising, disorders to depression. If anything, women were more likely to experience and express anger about the life event. Consistent with an explanation based on gender differences in roles, women were only at greater risk of depression following an event involving children, housing and reproduction, and then only when there were clear gender differences in associated roles. Such a specific difference cannot be explained easily as a result of biological differences, particularly as among women rates of depression did not vary by parity. In conclusion it seems likely that women's greater risk of depression is a consequence of gender differences in roles, which lead to differences in the experience of life events.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Depression: Artefact, Alternative Disorders, Biology or Roles?

Nazroo

Edwards

Brown

1998

Sociology Health & Illness

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“…In view of the relatively smaller size of our sample, the findings may just be coincidental. Another possible explanation may be the fact that the psychiatric morbidity detected by our semi-structured interview, is known to be at least one and a half times higher in females [1].…”

Section: Comparison Of Psychiatric and Organic Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various community surveys have reported rates of psychiatric morbidity to vary from 8.7 to 31.5% [1,2]. This variation has largely resulted from different screening instruments and diagnostic criteria used by different work-ers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Morbidity among the General Hospital Medical Patients in Kuwait: Characteristics of Psychiatric Patients

1999

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Objectives: A considerable number of medical out-patients seen in a general hospital are known to suffer from psychiatric rather than/in addition to the physical disorder. Moreover, a substantial number of such patients, passing undetected by the physicians, end up being physically examined and investigated, at times far too extensively. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of such patients in a general hospital in Kuwait. Methods: The sample consisted of 100 new medical out-patient clinic attenders. Each patient was administered a semi-structured interview. The items of the interview were derived from the Present State Examination, and the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases was used to assign psychiatric diagnoses. Results: Fifty-one out of the 100 patients suffered from psychiatric disorders. In only 5 cases was the disorder recognized. Psychiatric disorders were commoner in females and were not related to the nature of the physical disorders. Conclusions: Inclusion of some screening questions about mood disorders in the standard medical interview may help detect some of the psychiatric patients presenting in the general medical out-patient clinics. In addition, periodic clinical meetings between psychiatrists and physicians may enhance physicians’ awareness of the potential psychiatric morbidity amongst the medical out-patients.

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“…Autore Agras et al, 1969Weissmanef a/., 1978Bebbington et al, 1981Dean et al, 1983Uhlenhuth et al, 1983Angst & Dobler-Mikola, 1985aWittchen, 1986Wittchen, 1986Wittchen & von Zerssen, 1988Wittchen & von Zerssen, 1988Regieretal., 1990 Caninoe/a/., 1987 Canino et al, 1987Blander a/., 1988a, b Bland et al, 1988a un'altro disturbo. Le diagnosi concorrenti piu frequenti sono costituite dai disturbi d'ansia (70%: fobie) e dai disturbi affettivi (65%: depressione maggiore).…”

Section: -Prevalenza Dei Disturbi D'ansiaunclassified

“…Autore Essen-Moller & Hagnell, 1961Murphy, 1980Helgason, 1961Thacoreef at., 1975Sorensen & Stroemgren, 1961Bash & Bash-Liechti, 1964Blazer & Williams, 1980Wing et al, 1978Weissmane/a/., 1978Duncan-Jones & Henderson, 1978Hallstrom, 1973 Studio ECA Robins et al, 1984Weissmane/a/., 1988Regieref at., 1988Myers et al, 1984Dean et al, 1983 Wittchen # a/., 1992 Hwu et al, 1989Blander al., 1988a, 1988bWeissman et al, 1988Karno et al, 1987 Karnoe/a/., 1987 Canino et al, 1987Angst & Dobler-Mikola, 1985bFaravelli et al, 1990Wells et al, 1989Lepine et al, 1989 Karame/a/., 1991 (f) = campione di solo femmine 1947 1952 1957 1965/6 1970 1970 1972 1974/5 1975 1976 1980 1980 …”

Section: Tabella II -Prevalenza Delta Depressione Maggiore (Diagnosimentioning

confidence: 99%

Ansia e depressione nella popolazione generale

Faravelli¹,

Paterniti²,

Taberna³

1994

Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc

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Negli anni '50-'60 Pepidemiologia psichiatrica ricevette un forte impulso, in seguito alia dimostrazione dell'alta frequenza dei disturbi psichiatrici, sia a livello di comunita che tra i pazienti afferenti ai medici di base (Shepherd et ah, 1966; Goldberg & Black well, 1970), tra i quali si riscontra una prevalenza di morbilita psichiatrica che si aggira tra il 25% e il 35% (Skuse & Williams, 1984).Con l'adozione dei criteri diagnostici operazionali (in primis Research Diagnostic Criteria e criteri del DSM-III) si ebbe il cosiddetto «Rinascimento della epidemiologia», che vide il fiorire di diversi studi di popolazione su larga scala: lo studio di New Haven del 1975 -76 (Weissman et al., 1978, la National Survey del 1979(Uhlenhuth et al., 1983, e poi il piu noto studio ECA (Epidemiologic Catchment Area), che coinvolge alcune citta americane , a cui seguirono varie altre ricerche in varie parti del mondo. Caratteristiche di studio peculiari furono adottate a Zurigo e a Monaco, dove fu adottata una metodologia di indagine epidemiologica prospettica. Ai primi anni '90, infine, risalgono le prime collaborazioni internazionali, che hanno permesso l'esecuzione di studi epidemiologici transculturali (Cross-National Collaborative Study).Elemento comune di tutti questi studi e stato quello di ribadire e amplificare ulteriormente il dato, gia segnalato negli anni '50, di una altissima prevalenza delle patologie legate ad ansia e depressione.Indirizzo per la corrispondenza: Professor C. Faravelli, Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche, viale Morgagni85, 50134 Firenze.Fax ( + 39) 055-4222.599 Disturbi dell'umore La tabella I mostra i tassi di prevalenza dei disturbi depressivi «pre-DSM-III», dove si possono rilevare le consistenti differenze tra gli studi che hanno utilizzato registri medici rispetto a quelli che si sono basati su indagini di comunita, sostanziando cosi il concetto di iceberg della depressione.Le tabelle II, III e IV riassumono i valori riportati dagli studi di popolazione che hanno utilizzato criteri diagnostici operazionali. Considerando la variabilita intrinseca agli studi epidemiologici si pu6 notare una sostanziale omogeneita di risultati, almeno nei Paesi di cultura occidentale (Canada, Nuova Zelanda, Monaco, Parigi, Firenze), con valori medi di prevalenza lievemente piu bassi negli Stati Uniti. Rilevanti differenze si notano invece tra luoghi di cultura differente: valori massimi a Beirut, dove lo studio e stato effettuato durante il periodo bellico, e minimi a Taiwan. SulPorigine di tali differenze si possono fare diverse ipotesi, soprattutto relative ai diversi substrati socio-storico-culturali dei Paesi, ma studi piu approfonditi sono necessari per stabilire con piu sicurezza la validita delle stesse.Gli altissimi tassi di prevalenza dei disturbi dell'umore registrati negli ultimi anni inducono a prendere in considerazione alcuni problemi nosografici. Nonostante che le recenti classificazioni stabiliscano criteri piu rigorosi nella definizione della depressione maggiore, il dub...

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Comparison of Research Diagnostic Systems in an Edinburgh Community Sample

Cited by 220 publications

References 12 publications

Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Depression: Artefact, Alternative Disorders, Biology or Roles?

Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Depression: Artefact, Alternative Disorders, Biology or Roles?

Psychiatric Morbidity among the General Hospital Medical Patients in Kuwait: Characteristics of Psychiatric Patients

Ansia e depressione nella popolazione generale

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