Comparison of real-time ultrasound and other live measures to carcass measures as predictors of beef cow energy stores

Bullock, Kim; Bertrand, J. K.; Benyshek, L. L.; Williams, Scott; Lust, David G.

doi:10.2527/1991.69103908x

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…However, higher correlation coefficients between carcass and ultrasound measurement of the 12th rib (SBT and SF 12 ) were shown by Bullock et al (1991; Tables 3 and 4), in accordance with the results from Greiner et al (2003) study. Some studies reported an average absolute low difference between ultrasound and carcass measurement in the 12th rib fat (SBT and SF 12 ) for steers, such as 0.16 cm (Greiner et al, 2003) and 0.19 cm (Brethour, 1992).…”

Section: Animal Live Recording Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 87%

High-energy forage feeding diets and body condition on the finishing of cull dairy cows

Moreno¹,

Botana

Bispo³

et al. 2012

animal

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Combinations of two high-energy forage finishing diets and two initial body condition scores (BCSs) in a 2 3 2 factorial experimental design were evaluated on cull Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows to improve animal performance and carcass characteristics, aimed at achieving proper fatness and conformation scores (a minimum of '4' and 'O', respectively) required for the marketing of high-value loin steaks. The two finishing diets were (i) conventional maize silage complemented with concentrate diet and (ii) wet maize ear silage (pastone) complemented with dry-herbage diet. The two initial body condition levels were (i) low BCS , 5 (LBCS) and (ii) high BCS . 5 (HBCS). The HBCS animals had the greatest potential to respond to the finishing diets. They needed a smaller total feed intake (TFI) and a shorter finishing period (FP) to meet the marketing requirements. The average feed budgets necessary to finish cull dairy cows and to achieve the minimum scores '4' and 'O' of carcass classification were 2.31 and 3.61 t of dry matter (DM)/cow for HBCS and LBCS animals, respectively, while the FP lasted an average of 143 and 224 days for HBCS and LBCS animals, respectively. With regard to the two feeding diets, we found no differences for TFI, carcass characteristics and loin muscle features, such as weight, diameter and intramuscular fat.

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Section: Animal Live Recording Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 87%

High-energy forage feeding diets and body condition on the finishing of cull dairy cows

Moreno¹,

Botana

Bispo³

et al. 2012

animal

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“…That syllogism has been validated in young animals with carcass dissection (Greiner et al, 2003a;Tait et al, 2005) but has not been widely explored in mature cows. Bullock et al (1991) confirmed that ultrasound adds value to BCS for predicting cow composition. Consistency across repeated scans of the same cows has not been considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Use of ultrasound scanning and body condition score to evaluate composition traits in mature beef cows123

Emenheiser

Tait

Shackelford

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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The experiment was designed to validate the use of ultrasound to evaluate body composition in mature beef cows. Both precision and accuracy of measurement were assessed. Cull cows (n = 87) selected for highly variable fatness were used. Two experienced ultrasound technicians scanned and assigned BCS to each cow on 2 consecutive days. Ultrasound traits were backfat thickness (UBFT), LM area (ULMA), body wall thickness (UBWT), rump fat depth (URFD), rump muscle depth (URMD), and intramuscular fat (UIMF; %). Cows were then harvested. Carcass traits were HCW, backfat thickness (CBFT), LM area (CLMA), body wall thickness (CBWT), and marbling score (CMS). Correlations between consecutive live measurements were greatest for subcutaneous fat (r > 0.94) and lower for BCS (r > 0.74) and URMD (r > 0.66). Repeatability bias differed from 0 for only 1 technician for URMD and UIMF (P < 0.01). Technicians differed in repeatability SE for only ULMA (P < 0.05). Correlations between live and carcass measurements were high for backfat and body wall thickness (r > 0.90) and slightly less for intramuscular fat and LM area (r = 0.74 to 0.79). Both technicians underestimated all carcass traits with ultrasound, but only CBFT and CBWT prediction bias differed from 0 (P < 0.05). Technicians had similar prediction SE for all traits (P > 0.05). Technician effects generally explained <1% of the total variation in precision. After accounting for technician, animal effects explained 50.4% of remaining variation in differences between repeated BCS (P < 0.0001) but were minimal for scan differences. When cows with mean BCS <4 or >7 were removed, the portion of remaining variation between repeated measurements defined by animal effects increased for most traits and was significant for UBFT and URFD (P = 0.03). Technician effects explained trivial variation in accuracy (P > 0.24). Animal effects explained 87.2, 75.2, and 81.7% (P < 0.0001) of variation remaining for CBFT, CLMA, and CBWT prediction error, respectively, and remained large and highly important (P < 0.0001) when only considering cows with BCS from 4 to 7. We conclude that experienced ultrasound technicians can precisely and accurately measure traits indicative of composition in mature beef cows. However, animal differences define substantial variation in scan differences and, especially, prediction errors. Implications for technician certification, carcass pricing, and genetic evaluation are discussed.

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“…The predicted values were accurate (4±4% lower and 1±5% higher than actual values in PA and PI cows, respectively). In this regard, BCS has been proved the best predictor of total amount of body subcutaneous fat when measured after slaughter in beef (R 2 =0.77) (Bullock et al, 1991) and dairy cows (R 2 =0.36-0.65) (Domecq et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussion Live Animal Traits (Experiments 1 and 2)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Body composition in mature Parda de Montaña and Pirenaica suckler cows

Álvarez-Rodríguez

Alibés

Ripoll

et al. 2009

Span. j. agric. res.

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Two experiments were conducted to study the body composition of mature females from two breeds of suckler cattle (Parda de Montaña and Pirenaica) with different origin and purpose. In Exp. 1, body condition score (BCS) and subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) were measured in 64 cows in a 2x2 factorial arrangement (Parda de Montaña vs. Pirenaica breed and dry vs. lactating cows). SFT was similar across genotypes (P>0.05) but physiological stage affected this trait (P<0.05). SFT values were concomitant with BCS, allowing moderately good predictions of the former parameter from the latter. In Exp. 2, 16 mature dry cows, 8 per breed, were slaughtered and some fat depots, together with carcass and non-carcass characteristics were evaluated. No differences were found in any of the in vivo (SFT) or post-mortem (omental, kidney knob and channel fat) measured fat depots (P>0.05). Carcass weights (hot and cold) and dressing percentages (slaughter and commercial) as well as the weight of some metabolically active organs (liver, spleen and kidney) and hide were similar across breeds (P>0.05). The previous traits revealed no differences in the body composition of Parda de Montaña and Pirenaica cattle breeds, highlighting the parallel trajectory of selection for meat production in both genotypes over the last years.Additional key words: carcass, cull cows, offals, omental fat, subcutaneous fat thickness. Resumen Composición corporal en vacas nodrizas de raza Parda de Montaña y PirenaicaSe realizaron dos experimentos para estudiar la composición corporal de dos razas de vacas nodrizas (Parda de Montaña y Pirenaica) con distinto origen y aptitud. En el Exp.1 se midió la condición corporal (BCS) y el espesor de grasa subcutánea (SFT) en 64 vacas según un diseño 2x2 factorial (raza Parda de Montaña vs. Pirenaica y vacas secas vs. lactantes). La SFT fue similar entre genotipos (P>0,05), pero no entre estados fisiológicos (P<0,05). Los valores de SFT fueron concomitantes con los de BCS, permitiendo moderadamente buenas predicciones del primer carácter a partir del segundo. En el Exp. 2 se sacrificaron 16 vacas secas adultas, 8 por raza, para evaluar varios de sus depósitos adiposos, junto con algunas características de la canal y del quinto cuarto. No se observaron diferencias en ninguno de los depósitos adiposos medidos in vivo (SFT) o post-mortem (grasa omental y pélvico-renal) (P>0,05). Los pesos de la canal (caliente y frío) y sus rendimientos (matadero y comercial), además del peso de algunos órganos metabólicamente activos (hígado, bazo y riñón) y la piel, fueron similares entre razas (P>0,05). Los caracteres previos no revelaron diferencias en la composición corporal de las razas Parda de Montaña y Pirenaica, reflejando la paralela trayectoria de selección hacia la producción de carne en ambos genotipos a lo largo de los últimos años.Palabras claves adicionales: canal, espesor de grasa subcutánea, grasa omental, quinto cuarto, vacas de deshecho.

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Comparison of real-time ultrasound and other live measures to carcass measures as predictors of beef cow energy stores

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

High-energy forage feeding diets and body condition on the finishing of cull dairy cows

High-energy forage feeding diets and body condition on the finishing of cull dairy cows

Use of ultrasound scanning and body condition score to evaluate composition traits in mature beef cows123

Body composition in mature Parda de Montaña and Pirenaica suckler cows

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